"Makovets" is an association of Moscow artists (1921-1927), symbolically named after the Makovets hill, on which Sergius of Radonezh "laid the foundation of the Holy Trinity Lavra " [1] - in the words of P. A. Florensky , "mid-high elevation of Russian culture ".
The union arose between the springs of 1921 and 1922 . The movement implied a constructive, reconciling spiritual principle based on the continuity of the cultural tradition, which is already expressed in its very name. In this relatively short period, the works of several dozens of artists were exhibited at the association’s exhibitions, and poems and philosophical articles were published in the Makovec magazine.
Association History
Chronicle
- 1921, spring - “An initiative group of artists and writers is organized: V. N. Chekrygin , N. M. Chernyshev , later - L. F. Zhegin (Shekhtel), S. V. Gerasimov , (nerazb.), Amfian Reshetov ( N "N. Baryutin ) (1889-1960), later - N. M. Rudin , E. Schelling." The earliest date after which it is possible to talk about the emergence of the idea of a new society, apparently on March 29, 1921, when N. M. Chernyshev noted in his notes: “I, Gerasimov, Grigoryev, Yakimchenko, signed me out of the Moscow Salon ... "; - June 28, 1921: “An organizational meeting of artists was held in the presence of Chekrygin, Amph. Reshetov, me, Gerasimov, Zhegin, Kadlubinsky, Rudin and Pestel. “The last manifesto” written by Chekrygin was discussed on the points. ” [2] .
- 1921, December - the group left the Mashkovsky “World of Art” (coincided with the election of Lentulov to the presidency of the “World of Art”). Out: N. M. Chernyshev, S. V. Gerasimov, L. F. Zhegin, V. N. Chekrygin, V. E. Pestel, N. M. Grigoriev, S. M. Romanovich , M. S. Rodionov , E.O. Mashkevich (the last two were there as exhibitors).
- 1921, December 25 - “A meeting was held in the editorial office of A. N. Chernyshev (brother of N. M. Chernyshev) , where the name of the magazine“ Makovets ”passed ... [3] At the same time as the magazine, we are organizing an exhibition.” [2]
In his memoirs on the movement, N. M. Chernyshev notes that the name itself was perceived by the public in different ways, definitely, the true, symbolic meaning of which already few could imagine at that time - it was, though not aggressive, but a challenge: “ “Makovets”, Makakovka (crown, top). Searched for the Russian name . From the public, some suspected that they were from poppy seeds, some from poppy seeds. ”
After Donkey Tails , Slaps to Public Taste, they first started talking about the moral significance of art; lack of a universally recognized artistic ideal, the desire for synthesis, a holistic artistic image.
The initial plans, if they were not pretentious, then, of course, presupposed the creation of a fairly stable cultural unification capable of spiritually orienting a large group of artists who needed just such a vector of development of creativity: “It goes without saying that the Makovets group was not another ism. This is a search for the broad, objective path that artists have always sought so, recognizing the need for a single guiding ideal ” [2] .
- 1922, January - the first issue of Makovets was published by the publishing house under the general editorship of A. N. Chernyshev. The magazine was attended by: L. Zhegin, S. Gerasimov, M. Rodionov , L. Bruni , K. Istomin, N. Krymov , A. Fonvizin , A. Shevchenko, V. Pestel, N. Sinezubov, V. Chekrygin. [four]
- January 11, 1922 - “The 3rd meeting of the exhibition group, which also adopted the name of the magazine ...” [2]
- 1922, April 30 - exhibition of the Union of Artists and Poets "Art - Life" ("the name is not taken solely on the proposal of A. V. Shevchenko ") [5] [2]
- 1922, June 14 - “A meeting of the Union of Artists and Poets dedicated to the memory of V. N. Chekrygin († June 3, 1922)” [2]
- 1922, July - the second issue of the magazine "Makovets" was released - the posthumous Chekryginsky; “The 1st exhibition caused a break ... The strip of dominance of naturalism. Its overcoming begins. ” [2]
- 1923, December 16
Art, preserving folk wisdom, growing from the gray ages and giving the artist room for expression of personality in powerful breathing creativity, should lead the people to a high culture of knowledge and feeling and participation in creativity ... Art must penetrate life ... We believe that the revival of art is possible only with strict continuity with the greatest masters of the past and with the unconditional resurrection of the beginnings of the living and the eternal in it ... We appreciate the lofty feeling that gives rise to monumental art ... Hence, our task is to turn feelings into performance, finding the limits of the relationship of the material side (form) with the spirit (feelings and feelings of the artist) - “Our prologue”. - “Makovets”, 1922, No. 1. P. 3, 4 [2] |
Many members of Makovets, striving for symbolism and dramatic and philosophical richness of images, turned to the traditions of European romanticism , Russian medieval painting and popular print. A number of artists "M." were characterized by a search for a heroic-monumental style. The inconsistency of attitudes led in 1926 to the collapse of the association. "M." organized three exhibitions (1922, 1924, 1925), published the magazine "Makovets" (1922, No. 1-2).
- Cover of Makovec magazine
Number 1. May 1922 .
Figure S. M. Romanovich. [2]No. 2. 1922 .
Figure V. N. Chekrygin.
Association members
1 row : Mashkevich E.O., Zavyalov I.F., Pestel V.E., Romanovich T.G., Yastrzhembsky A.S.
2 row : Chekrygin V.N., Zhegin L.F., Maksimov N.K., Kodlubinsky K.K., Grigoryev N.M., Zefirov K.K., Gerasimov S.V., Shevchenko A.V. Chernyshev N.M., Rodionov M.S., Romanovich S.M., Baryutin N.N. (Amfian Reshetov), unknown.
Photo by Robert Johanson .
Artists
- W. S. Bart
- E. M. Belyakova
- A.V. von-Wiesen
- S.V. Gerasimov
- N. M. Grigoriev
- M. A. Dobrov
- L. F. Zhegin
- I.F. Zavyalov
- K.K. Zefirov
- K.K. Kadlubisny
- E.O. Mashkevich
- I. G. Nikolaevtsev
- V. A. Obolensky
- 3. I. Oskolkova
- V. E. Pestel
- M.S. Rodionov
- S. M. Romanovich
- V. F. Ryndin
- N.V. Sinezubov
- I. S. Sobolev
- N. A. Tyrsa
- V.A. Favorsky
- R. A. Florenskaya
- 3. S. Haskin
- V. N. Chekrygin
- N. M. Chernyshev
- A.V. Shevchenko
- A. S. Yastrzhembsky
Philosophers and Writers
- P. Antokolsky
- Nikolay Aseev
- Nikolay Belyaev
- S. Bobrov
- Konstantin Bolshakov
- Sergey Budantsev
- N. Elenev
- Vera Ilyina
- Boris Lapin
- Theodore Leviticus
- Nikolay Livkin
- Taras Mastet
- Evgeny Nedzelsky
- Boris Pasternak
- Amphian Reshetov
- Neol Rudin
- Sergey Spassky
- A. Trishatov
- P. Florensky
- V. Khlebnikov
- Alexey Chernyshev
- E. Schilling
- Vladimir Shishov
Notes
- ↑ Lives of the Saints, in Russian, set out according to the guidance of the four-minei St. Demetrius of Rostov . Book one. Edition of the Moscow Synodal Printing House. Moscow. 1903. - Reprint: Edition of the Vvedensky Optical Desert . 1991.S. 515, 516
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Nikolai Mikhailovich Chernyshev. M .: Soviet artist. 1978
- ↑ The name belongs to S.M. Romanovich. Other names were originally proposed: “Seraphim” - S. M. Romanovich, “Museum” - V. N. Chekrygin
- ↑ B. Kalaushin. Burliuk: Color and rhyme. Book One: Father of Russian Futurism. - The Apollo Almanac. T. 2. St. Petersburg. Apollo. 1995. S. 567 ISBN 5-88670-001-3 (Apollo Series) ISBN 5-88670-010-2 (Volume 2)
- ↑ A. V. Fonvizin and K. K. Zefirov proposed the name “Ark”, V. N. Chekrygin - “Sons”
Links
- Magovets Art Magazine - A site dedicated to the Makovets Association
- "Makovets" in the encyclopedia Krugosvet
- Makovets // Vlasov V.G. New encyclopedic dictionary of fine art: in 10 volumes. St. Petersburg: ABC classic, 2006. V. 5. S.274-275.
- Elizabeth Efremova. Artists "Makovets": the radiant reality of images . // Tretyakov Gallery Magazine , # 2 2008 (19)