Venus (“Venus”) - a sailing frigate which in July 1783 at the shipyard Karlskrona laid F. Chapman , the third in a row in a series of ten frigates such as Bellona for the Swedish Navy. During the construction of the frigate, Chapman applied all the latest achievements in the field of shipbuilding. The new frigates were distinguished by the quality factor and quality of construction, as well as excellent seaworthiness.
| Venus | |
|---|---|
 Capture by a boat "Mercury" of the Swedish frigate "Venus" 1789. Hood. A.P. Bogolyubov | |
| Service | |
 Sweden | |
| Title | Venus |
| Named after | |
| Class and type of vessel | 44-gun frigate |
| Type of sailing weapon | three mast ship |
| Manufacturer | |
| The author of the ship drawing | Fredrik Henrik Chapman |
| Ship master | Chapman |
| Construction started | July 19, 1783 |
| Commissioned | 1786 year |
| Withdrawn from the fleet | May 21, 1789 captured by boat "Mercury" |
| Service | |
 Russia | |
| Title | Venus |
| Named after | |
| Class and type of vessel | 44-gun frigate |
| Manufacturer | |
| Withdrawn from the fleet | in 1807, it was handed over to the preservation of the Kingdom of Sicily until the end of the war with England |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | about 1350 tons |
| Upper Deck Length | 46.32 m |
| Waterline length | 40.5 m |
| Midship Width | 11.88 m |
| Draft | 4.8 m |
| Engines | sail |
| Crew | 342/290 people |
| Armament in the Swedish fleet | |
| Total number of guns | 40-44 |
| Guns on the operdek | 26 24 lb short |
| Guns on the Trench | 14 6 lb |
| Guns on the tank | 0-4 6 lbs |
| Armament in the Russian fleet | |
| Total number of guns | 44 |
| Guns on the operdek | 28 12 lb |
| Guns on the Trench | 14 18 lb |
| Guns on the tank | 2 6 pounds |
Content
- 1 Key Features
- 2 Service
- 3 Commanders
- 4 See also
- 5 notes
- 6 Literature
Key Features
- Upper deck length = 46.32 m
- Midsection width = 11.88 m
- Art. armament = 26 24-pound short guns and 18 6-pound guns [2] ;
- Crew = 342 people.
Service
The frigate Venus joined the Swedish Navy in 1786 and became part of the squadron defending the Gothenburg water area.
In 1788, the Swedish king began military operations against Russia. At the end of May, a Swedish squadron of 12 battleships and frigates, under the command of the Duke K. Südermanland , set sail. On May 21, 1789, the Russian fleet blocked it in the Christian Fjord Bay, but the inviting calm did not allow the squadrons to engage in battle.
Using the calm, the Mercury boat ( cutter ) on oars approached the frigate and for one and a half hours irresponsibly fired at it from its guns (it was outside the Swedish fire sector), after which the Swedes lowered the flag.
The Venus was towed to Revel and repaired, after which it, under the same name, joined the Russian Baltic Fleet. For the capture of the Swedish frigate, Catherine II awarded R. Crowne the Order of St. George of the 4th degree, he was also promoted to captain of the 2nd rank and appointed commander of the Venus.
As part of the Russian fleet, he took part in the Vyborg battle , in which the Venus crew sank 15 Swedish rowing vessels, captured four galleys, vehicles and a gunboat. The next day, while pursuing the enemy, he captured together with the battleship Izyaslav the Swedish battleship of the 3rd rank Retvisan .
He participated in the wars with France of the 1st and 2nd coalitions , and, together with the British fleet, went into the cruising squadron. After practical voyages in 1801 and timbering in 1804, the Venus was included in the squadron of Captain-Commander Greig. He participated in the war of the 4th coalition , repeatedly having collisions with light enemy forces.
November 22, 1807 "Venus" arrived to repair damage to Palermo harbor ( Kingdom of Sicily ). It was at the same time that the Anglo-Russian War began and the frigate was blocked by the English squadron (5 ships and 2 frigates) of Vice Admiral Thornbrow, who suggested that Lieutenant Commander K.I. Andreyanov surrender. The latter refused, and at the military council they unanimously decided to defend themselves to the last, in case of frigate non-containment, blow it up. At the same time, in order to avoid the death of the Russian team, and at the same time not to allow the British to capture the frigate, the Russian envoy to the Sicilian court secret adviser D.P. Tatishchev organized the transfer of "Venus" to the neutral Kingdom of Sicily , according to the list of preservation until the end of the Anglo- Russian war [3] [4] [5] [6] (there is an opinion that it was sold [7] ).
In the summer of 1812, during a meeting between His Excellency Prince A.N. Saltykov, Comrade (Deputy) of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Count A.M. Serra de Capriola , Sicilian Ambassador in St. Petersburg, the latter said that "the Sicilian government was always disposed to return the frigate Venus" [6] . However, Venus never returned to Russia. According to unofficial Italian sources, “after a 25-year” service, the frigate was dismantled in 1814 [6] .
Commanders
May 21 (June 1), 1789, the frigate "Venus" was attacked by a boat of the Russian fleet " Mercury ", commanded by the captain of the third rank Roman Vasilievich Crown . "Venus" was captured, repaired. He was kept the name and included in the Russian fleet, captain of the 2nd rank R.V. Crown became his commander.
See also
- List of Russian sailing frigates
- Sailing Navy Rank
- Caliber
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Fartyg - 2016.
- ↑ Marine artillery // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
- ↑ Krotkov, 1893 , p. 527-528.
- ↑ Callistov, 1913 , p. 143-144.
- ↑ Chernyshev, 1997 , p. 282.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Grebenshchikova, 2015 , p. 37.
- ↑ Tredrea, Sozaev, 2010 , p. 352.
Literature
- Arens E.I. History of the Russian fleet. Catherine period . SPb. 1897.
- Marine artillery // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
- The battle annals of the Russian fleet. Chronicle of the most important events in the military history of the Russian fleet from the 9th century to 1917 / Ed. N.V. Novikova . - Institute of History, USSR Academy of Sciences . - M .: Military Publishing House of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs , 1948 .-- 485 p.
- Dotsenko V.D. History of Naval Art / Ed. V.I. Kuroedova. - M .: Eksmo, 2003. - T. 1: Galleys, sailboats, armadillos. - 832 s. - ISBN 5-699-04856-1 ~ 93.11.28 046.
- Vykhodtsevsky A.P. Biographical sketch of the life of Admiral R.V. Crown. // Kronstadt Bulletin. - No. 24 and 46 for 1878.
- Grebenshchikova G. A. “Glorious Venus in ease of movement was unparalleled” // Military History Journal . - M .: Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation , 2015. - No. 7 . - S. 34-37 . - ISSN 0321-0626 .
- Kallistov N. D. Fleet in the reign of Emperor Alexander I // History of the Russian Army and Navy: in 15 volumes / Ed. A.S. Grishinsky , V.P. Nikolsky , N.L. Klado . - M .: Type. Russian Partnership, 1913. - 235 p.
- Krotkov A. S. Everyday record of remarkable events in the Russian Navy . - SPb. : Military. pestilence. learned. Dep. Ch. pestilence. headquarters, 1893. - 6, 529 p.
- Chernyshev A. A. Russian sailing fleet. Directory. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1997 .-- T. 1. - 312 p. - (Ships and ships of the Russian fleet). - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-01788-3 .
- Tredrea J., Sozaev E. Venus // Russian Warships in the Age of Sail, 1696-1860: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates . - Barnsley: Seaforth Pub., 2010 .-- P. 352. - ISBN 978-1-84832-058-1 .