Schadoff, Johann Gottfried

Shadov was born in the family of a tailor. He studied with court sculptor Jean-Pierre-Antoine Tassar ( Fr. Jean-Pierre-Antoine Tassaert , 1727 - 1788 ), invited by the Prussian king Frederick II . In 1778 he entered the Berlin Academy of Arts . From 1785 he studied in Rome , in 1787 he returned to Berlin. In 1788 , after the death of Tassar, Shadov took the post of head of the court workshop and secretary of the Berlin Academy of Arts. From 1805 - vice-director, and from 1815 - director of the Academy of Arts.

Among the works of Shadov most notable are the following:

• the headstone of Count Alexander von der Mark ( marble , 1788 - 1790 , Old National Gallery , Berlin) in the form of a sarcophagus with the figure of a sleeping boy,
• the tombstone of Friedrich Wilhelm Schütz ( Friedrich Wilhelm Schütze ) in Schöneich ( 1798 ),
• quadriga with the Goddess of Victory at the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin ( 1789 - 1794 ; bronze ; destroyed in 1945 ; a copy was installed in 1957 - 1958 )
• monument to Frederick II in Stettin ( 1792 - 1793 , the original has not been preserved; late bronze casting - in the park of San Souci, Potsdam ),
• The sculptural group "The Crown Princess Louise and Princess Frederika " (marble, 1796 - 1797 , Old National Gallery , Berlin, a plaster copy is exhibited in the building of the Friedrich Sverder Church in Berlin),
• busts of K. M. Wieland ( 1805 ), I. V. Goethe ( 1822–1823 ; marble, Old National Gallery, Berlin), Henriette Hertz ( 1783 ), princesses Frederika and Louise Mecklenburg-Strelitz ( 1794 - 1795 ), F. Gilly ( 1801 ), in total more than a hundred busts,
• monument to the Prussian general G. L. Blucher in Rostock ( 1819 , bronze)
• monument to M. Luther in Wittenberg ( 1821 , bronze).

Shadov was interested in the theory of art and wrote on the themes of proportions of the human figure, national physiognomy , etc. Among his works are:

• The Doctrine of Bones and Muscles ( German: Lehre von den Knochen und Muskeln , 1830 )
• “A polyclet, or about the measures of a man depending on gender and age” ( him. Polyklet oder von Massen der Menschen nach dem Geschlechte und Alter , 1834 ),
• “National physiognomies, or observations on the difference in facial features and body appearance” ( German: National-Physiognomien oder Beobachtungen über den Unterschied der Gesichtszüge und der äusseren Gestalt des Körpers , 1835 )
• "Works of art and views on art" ( it. Kunstwerke und Kunstansichten , 1849 ).

Shadov was interested in chess and played well in them, he became one of the founders of the Berlin Chess Club, which was the first German chess club ^[6] . It existed from 1803 to 1847 , often called Schadows Schachklub in honor of Shadov, not only the founder, but also the chairman of the club. Initially, it included up to 34 members, but in 1805 there were already 139 ^[6] . The club became the center of intellectual life and freethinking of Prussia. The meeting of the club is depicted in the painting “ Chess game in the Foss Palace in Berlin ” by Johann Erdman Hummel.

Sons Shadova also engaged in sculpture and painting:

• Rudolph ( 1786 - 1822 ) - the sculptor,
• Frederick William ( 1788 - 1862 ) - painter,
• Felix Schadoff (1819–1861) - portrait painter.

• Shadov // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.

• Shadov, Johann Gottfried // Encyclopedia " Krugosvet ".
• Biography I. G. Shadova on the site www.tonnel.ru
• Schadoff, Johann Gottfried von // European art: Painting. Sculpture. Graphics: Encyclopedia: In 3 tons. - M .: White City, 2006.