Dimensions and Build
The beak is long (about 12–13.5 mm), the notch on the cutting edge of the beak is weakly expressed; nostrils almost completely covered by setae; several long setae at the base of the beak. Body length about 165 - 170 mm, wing span about 250 mm, wing length of males 85–91, females 78–82 mm. External webs of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th primary flywings with clippings. Weight 21-26.5 g. [2] [3]
Coloring
Male . The general color is dark gray, somewhat lighter on the ventral side of the body. On the head are narrow, unsharp dark rims of feathers. The back and shoulders with dark large longitudinal streaks. Small hiding wings are gray, large and medium grayish-black with light gray borders. Fly and steering dark brown; at the extreme helmsmen there is no admixture of white. The ventral side is gray with a slight lightening in the middle of the abdomen and on the undertail. The bill is blackish-gray, grayish-meat in color along the section and at the base of the mandible. Legs are light brownish-meat color with light horn claws. The rainbow is dark brown.
The female . It looks like a male, but with a brownish coating on the gray plumage. The back and shoulder are rusty brown with dark longitudinal streaks. Narrow rusty rims of feathers are clearly visible on the lower back and on the nails. Fly and steering dark brown with ocher-red rims, the middle pair of reddish-brown steering. In the winter feather, broad light brownish-olive and rusty-red fringes of feathers are developed on the head, back, lower back, humeral and covering wings. On the ventral side there are only brownish-olive borders. [3]
The breeding range covers Japan ( Hokkaido , northern and central Honshu ), Sakhalin (southern and central regions), the Kuril Islands , Kamchatka (southern and central parts). There are known flies in Primorye and on the island of Bering ( Commanders ). Winters in southern Japan (including Ryukyu ), rarely in southeast China . Very rare in winter and on migration in southern Korea . [4] [5]
In Japan, leave their wintering sites in mid-April. On Sakhalin and Kunashir appear in the first decade of May, individual individuals fly even before mid-June. Departure in the second half of September-October, some probably delayed until the first decade of November. [2] [3] [6]
On Sakhalin, mountain sparse coniferous-stony-birch and stony-birch forests with dense undergrowth of Kuril bamboo and other shrub and herbaceous plants at an altitude of 500 to 1000 m above sea level. m. In the mountains of Central Sakhalin at altitudes up to 1200-1300 m above sea level. m. in the thickets of cedar and alder dwarf. [2] On the Northern Kuril Islands, mainly among thickets of low alder and talnik. In Kamchatka, in hilly places and in the mountains, vertically up to 1000 m among alder trees, etc., in the south of the peninsula on the hillsides covered with stone birch. [3]
Nests . On the Krillon Peninsula (southwestern Sakhalin), nests were placed on the slopes in dense 1.5–2-meter thickets of Kuril bamboo , the stems tilted downward form dense canopies along the edges of the glades and along the steep channels of mountain streams, especially at their source. The nests were located in the forks of stems and leaves or among several horizontal and vertical bamboo stems in the upper third of this plant. In the East Sakhalin mountains (Mount Lopatina, 1609 m), in the forks of the branches of the cedar dwarf, on Paramushir on the bushes of alder and talnik.
Nests of the correct cup-shaped with dense walls and a tray. On South Sakhalin, their bottom and sides consist mainly (80% or more) of pieces of leaves and narrow strips from the vaginal parts of bamboo. Sometimes bamboo roots and thin twigs of fir, spruce, birch and weigels lie at the bottom. Stripes of birch bark and pieces of bark of grapes, nettle stems, sedge leaves, stems and leaves of cereals, bamboo roots, etc. are woven into the walls. The tray is lined with pieces of thin soft roots of bamboo (and other plants) and narrow stripes from the vaginal part of its leaves. On the slopes of Mount Lopatin, where bamboo is rare, fragments of stalks and leaves of reedweed and bluegrass are used, strips of birch stone birch, twigs of spruce and fir, waii thyroid, dry leaves of alder and birch; the tray is lined with pieces of black roots (up to 90% of the total amount of material), pine needles and spruce needles.
Masonry . 4-5 eggs. The main background of the surface of the shell is pinkish-white or greenish-gray, on it there are small, deep, unsharp gray (or purple) spots, twisting strips and strokes, which are most often concentrated on the blunt half of the egg. On top of these spots are rare and large (up to 3 mm in diameter) dark brown and almost black spots, strokes, transverse sinuous strips and commas, located more or less evenly throughout the shell; sometimes they form condensations near a sharp pole or a corolla near a blunt pole. Egg sizes: 19.0-23.0 x 15.0-16.3 mm. Hatching lasts 11-12 days.
Chicks . Leave the nest for 11-12 days. [2] [3]
