Paxylommatinae (Hybrizontinae) (lat.) Is a subfamily of riders of the family Ichneumonidae [1] . Sometimes considered in the rank of a separate family of Paxylommatidae (Paxilommatida). Holarctic [2] [3] .
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Content
Distribution
North America (Nearctic) and northern Eurasia (Palearctic) [2] [3] .
Description
Small riders, front wing length from 3 to 11 mm. The second and third abdominal tergites are movably connected, and the first two sternites are longitudinally divided into 3 sclerites. The venation is different from the ichneumonoid riders (Ichneumonoidea), reduced and most of all resembles what is observed in some ants . Presumably parasitoids of other insects. A poorly studied group, but the larvae of at least some species live in anthills , although for a long time it has not been clarified, they are parasites, myrmecophiles, or random inhabitants of ants dwellings [3] [4] . Recent articles (Komatsu, Konishi, 2010; Gómez Durán, Achterberg, 2011) described their infection of ant larvae when they are carried by adults [5] [6] .
The list of species of ants with which the riders of the genus Hybrizon are associated [7] : Formica rufa , Formica rufibarbis , Formica rufopratensis , Formica sanguinea , Lasius affinis , Lasius alienus , Lasius brunneus , Lasius flavus , Lasius fuliginosus , Lasius grandis , Lasius nigerrin Myrmrm Tapinoma erraticum .
The list of species of ants with which riders of the genus Eurypterna are associated [8] : Camponotus herculeanus , Formica rufa , Lasius brunneus , Lasius fuliginosus , Lasius nipponensis .
Systematics
3 modern genera (about 15 species) and 4 fossil genera from the Eocene Baltic amber . In Europe, 7 species [9] . The subfamily Paxylommatinae was previously considered, in Soviet and Russian science, as the family Paxylommatidae (Paxilommatidae) [2] [3] (or Pachylommatinae, or Hybryzontidae / -inae) and even outside of ichneumonids (as part of the family of braconids ) [10] [4] . Three fossil genera are sometimes isolated into a separate subfamily Ghilarovitinae, and genera † Tobiasites and † Paxylommites in the tribe Tobiasitini [3] [11] . In 2001 another fossil genus was described † Astigmaton Kasparyan, 2001 [12]
- Genus Eurypterna Förster , 1862 - 3 species (1 species in Europe)
- Eurypterna angustifacialis Tobias, 1988 [13]
- Eurypterna cremieri (Romand, 1838)
- Eurypterna rufiventris Tobias, 1988 [13]
- Genus Ghilaromma Tobias , 1988 - 3 species (1 species in Europe)
- Ghilaromma fuliginosi (Wilkinson, 1930) [14]
- Ghilaromma orientalis Tobias, 1988 [13]
- Ghilaromma ussuriensis Tobias, 1988 [13]
- Genus Hybrizon Fallén, 1813 (= Eupachylomma Ashmead 1894 ; Pachylomma Ratzeburg 1848 ; Paxylomma Latreille 1817 ; Plancus Curtis 1833 ) - 5 species in Europe and 2 in the Nearctic
- Hybrizon buccatus (Brebisson, 1825)
- Hybrizon flavocinctus (Ashmead, 1894) - Canada , USA
- Hybrizon flavofacialis Tobias, 1988
- Hybrizon ghilarovi Tobias, 1988
- Hybrizon juncoi (Ceballos 1957)
- Hybrizon pilialatus Tobias, 1988
- Hybrizon rileyi (Ashmead, 1889) - Canada, USA
- Genus † Ghilarovites Kasparyan , 1988 - Eocene ( Baltic amber ) [11]
- † Ghilarovites tarsatorius Kasparyan 1988
- Genus † Tobiasites Kasparyan, 1988 - Eocene [11]
- † Tobiasites striatus Kasparyan 1988
- Genus † Paxylommites Kasparyan, 1988 - Eocene [11]
- † Paxylommites reticulatus Kasparyan 1988
- † Paxylommites groehni Tolkanitz et Perkovsky [15]
- Genus † Astigmaton Kasparyan, 2001
- † Astigmaton ichneumonoides Kasparyan, 2001 - Eocene, Saxon
and Rovno amber [12] [16]
Notes
- ↑ Annotated catalog of insects in the Russian Far East. Volume I. Hymenoptera. / Lelei A.S. (Ch. Ed.) Et al. - Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2012 .-- S. 298-299. - 635 s. - 300 copies. - ISBN 978-5-8044-1295-2 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Key to insects of the European part of the USSR. T. III. Hymenoptera. The sixth part. // Sub-detachment Symphyta - Sedyabecruchye (Zhelohovtsev A.N. et al.) / Ed. G.S. Medvedev . - Leningrad: “Science”, 1988. - S. 237. - 268 p. - (Keys to the fauna of the USSR, published by the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR ; issue 158.). - 2800 copies. - ISBN 5-02-025709-5 . (called Paxylommatids, Paxylommatidae)
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Key to insects of the Russian Far East. T. IV. Retina-winged, scorpion, hymenoptera. Part 4 / under the general. ed. P.A. Lera . - Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2000 .-- S. 572. - 651 p. - 500 copies. - ISBN 5-8044-0031-2 . (called Paxylommatids, Paxylommatidae)
- ↑ 1 2 Quicke, Donald LJ Phylogeny and Systematics of the Ichneumonidae (Chapter 13) // The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps: Biology, systematics, evolution and ecology . - Wiley - Blackwell , 2015 .-- P. 341–449. - 704 p. - ISBN 978-1-118-90705-4 .
- ↑ Komatsu T., Konishi K. Parasitic behaviors of two ant para-sitoid wasps (Ichneumonidae: Hybrizontinae) // Sociobiology. 2010. V. 56. No. 3. P. 575-584.
- ↑ Gomez Duran J.-M., Achterberg C. van. Oviposition behavior of four ant parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae, Neoneurini and Ichneumonidae, Hybrizontinae), with the description of three new European species // ZooKeys. 2011. V. 125. P. 59-106.
- ↑ Web of Life partners of Hybrizon Fallen 1813 . Home of Ichneumonoidea. taxapad.com
- ↑ Web of Life partners of Eurypterna Forster 1862 . Home of Ichneumonoidea. taxapad.com
- ↑ Fauna Europaea (called Hybrizontinae)
- ↑ van Achterberg C. (1999). The West Palaearctic species of the subfamily Paxylommatinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), with special reference to the genus Hybrizon Fallén . Zool. Med. Leiden 73 (2): 13-28.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Kasparyan DR 1988. A new subfamily and two new genera of ichneumonids (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from Baltic amber // Studies on the systematics of hymenoptera. L. S. 38-43. (Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , vol. 175)
- ↑ 1 2 Kasparyan, DR 2001. A new genus and species of the subfamily Chilarovitinae from Baltic amber (Hymenoptera: Paxylommatidae) // Zoosyst. Rossica, 10 (1): 97-99.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Tobias, VI (1988) [The family Paxylommatidae (Hymenoptera) in the fauna of the USSR.] (In Russian), Proceedings of the All-Union Entomological Society. 70: 131-143.
- ↑ Donisthorpe, H .; Wilkinson, DS (1930) Notes on the genus Paxylomma (Hym. Braconidae) with the description of a new species taken in Britain., Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 78: 87–93.
- ↑ V.I. Tolkanits, E.E. Perkovsky. 2015. A new species of the genus Paxylommites (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Hybrizoniae) from Baltic amber. Paleontological Journal , 2015, No. 4, p. 55-57
- ↑ Narolsky N.B., Tolkanits V.I., Perkovsky E.E. The first find of paxilommatids (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea, Paxylommatidae) from Saxon amber // Vestn. zoole. 2005.V. 39. No. 6. P. 50.
Literature
- Kasparyan D. R. 1988. New taxa of ichneumonoid horse riders of the family. Paxylommatidae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from Baltic amber // Systematics of insects and ticks. L., "Science." S. 125-131. (Tr. VEO, t. 70)
- van Achterberg C. (1999). The West Palaearctic species of the subfamily Paxylommatinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), with special reference to the genus Hybrizon Fallén . Zool. Med. Leiden 73 (2): 13-28.
- Yu DS, Horstmann K. Subfamily Paxylommatinae Förster, 1862 // Mem. Amer. Entomol. Inst. 1997. V. 58. Pt 2. P. 786-787.
Links
- Paxylommatinae Forster 1862 . Home of Ichneumonoidea. taxapad.com
- Hybrizontinae Blanchard 1845 . Home of Ichneumonoidea. taxapad.com