Maniola halicarnassus

Males differ from females in coloration ( sexual dimorphism ). In males, the coloring of the main background of the wings is almost monochromatic dark brown. At the base of the upper wings is a darker spot, there is a very wide band of orange. At the top of the front wing there is a black spot-eye. In females, the coloring of the upper side of the wings is also dark brown, on the upper wings the orange spots are less pronounced. They also have a spot-eye on the top of the front wing, but it is much larger than that of the males. The underside of the wings is colored similar in both sexes, but there are differences. Thus, the males have a pale broad band on the hind wings, eyes on the underside are absent. The female has no clear band, but there are black eyes on the rear wing. Antennae with gradually thickening mace. At the base of the front wings are swollen two veins. The copulatory apparatus of the males is characterized by the presence of the Julien organ - a modified abdominal tergite VIII with modified scales on the posterior margin.

Habitat is known only on the island of Nisyros (Greece) and the adjacent coast of Turkey (Western Anatolia - Mugla ). Typical terrain: Bodrum , Mugla province ( Turkey ). ^[1] . Butterflies are found in open, dry landscapes with xerophytic vegetation, thickets of shrubs, as well as pastures , at altitudes of 50 from 100 meters above sea level ^[2] .

Develops in one generation for the year. The flight time of butterflies lasts from May to September, depending on the geographical location of the habitat ^[2] .