Joseph Raphson ( born Joseph Raphson , circa 1648 - circa 1715) - English mathematician , Member of the Royal Society of London (since 1689). He is known mainly for giving the Newton method for solving equations a modern format, which is why this algorithm is often called the βNewton β Raphson methodβ.
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Content
- 1 Biography and scientific activities
- 2 notes
- 3 Literature
- 4 References
Biography and scientific activities
The details of Rafsonβs life are unknown, historians could not even figure out the exact dates of the birth and death of the scientist. Rafson studied at the College of Jesus ( Cambridge University ), which he graduated in 1692 at the venerable age of 44 years, receiving a bachelor's degree ( Master of Arts ) [3] .
Raphson's most notable work is Universal Analysis of Equations ( lat. Analysis Aequationum Universalis ), published in 1690 (reprinted in 1702). It contains a general iterative algorithm for solving algebraic equations , called the β Newton β Raphson method β. Newton developed a similar method as early as 1671, but this work was distributed only in the manuscript and was not published until 1711. In 1676, Newton outlined this method in a letter to Leibniz , and in 1685 the method was published in Wallis 's Algebra. In Raphson's modification, the algorithm is simpler and more practical than Newtonian, and therefore it is he who is presented in modern textbooks [4] . Edmund Halley recommended Raphson to the Royal Society of London (adopted November 30, 1689) for this (then unpublished) work.
Among other Raphson's merits is the translation of Newtonβs Universal Arithmetic from Latin into English (1720) [5] . During Newton's priority conflict with Leibniz, Rafson showed himself as a staunch supporter of Newton and published a rationale for his position in the treatise " Historia fluxionum " (published posthumously, 1715). He, along with Cotes , participated in the preparation of the publication of Newton's works.
In the field of philosophy, Rafson coined the term pantheism , first using it in his work β De Spatio Reali β (1697) [6] . Rafson believed that the laws of the universe in its entirety are inaccessible to human understanding [7] .
Notes
- β 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 100814832 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012β2016.
- β 1 2 Archive for the history of mathematics MacTyutor
- β Raphson, Joseph in Venn, J. & JA, Alumni Cantabrigienses , Cambridge University Press, 10 vols, 1922β1958.
- β History of Mathematics, Volume II, 1970 , p. 47-49.
- β History of Mathematics, Volume III, 1972 , p. 39.
- β Ann_Thomson . Bodies of Thought: Science, Religion, and the Soul in the Early Enlightenment , 2008, page 54.
- β The Closed World to the Infinite Universe by Alexandre Koyre
Literature
- Borodin A.I., Bugai A.S. Rafson Joseph // Biographical Dictionary of Figures in the Field of Mathematics. - Kiev: Radyanska school, 1979. - S. 421. - 607 p.
- Mathematics of the XVII century // History of mathematics / Edited by A.P. Yushkevich , in three volumes. - M .: Nauka, 1970 .-- T. II.
- Mathematics of the XVIII century // History of Mathematics / Edited by A.P. Yushkevich , in three volumes. - M .: Nauka, 1972 .-- T. III.
- David J. Thomas; Judith M. Smith. Joseph Raphson, FRS Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London , Vol. 44, No. 2. (Jul., 1990), pp. 151β167.
Links
- John J. O'Connor and Edmund F. Robertson . Rafson, Joseph (eng.) - biography in the MacTutor archive.