Persisms

The pre-Islamic Old Persian language influenced the vocabulary of the Armenian language . Modern Farsi arose as a continuation of the Middle Persian language during the Islamic era of Iran after the Arab conquest and was strongly influenced by the Arabic language and Muslim culture. After the Islamization of Iran, numerous Persisms penetrated many Semitic, Turkic ^{[1] [2]} , Indo-Aryan, Nakh-Dagestan languages ^[3] . Persisms in the modern Arabic language can hardly be attributed to any particular subject: for example, in addition to the concepts of urban life, a considerable number of names of plants and animals from Farsi have also become Arabic. Farsi had a primary influence on the formation of the Urdu language ^[4] . They are also found in smaller numbers in some Slavic languages, including Russian: Dzheyran , Chinara , Bazaar , Maidan , sofa , tour , melon , Dushman , Navruz , names Salim , Nabat , etc.) ^{[5] [6]} . Persisms penetrated the Balkan languages ​​through Turkish.

The Persian language in the Middle Ages enjoyed great prestige among the Seljuk nobility ^[7] : with its direct influence, the Turkish-Ottoman language of Anatolia arose and developed. In a number of languages, for example, in modern Turkish and Bulgarian, after a wave of purism at the beginning of the 20th century, the number of Persisms (which in Bulgarian are actually also Turkisms ) slightly decreased. However, within the borders of modern Iran, the process of saturation of the local Turkic languages ​​(Azerbaijani and Turkmen) with Persisms continues due to the traditionally low prestige of the Turkic languages ​​in Iran. In the Turkic languages ​​of the peoples of Central Asia and in Azerbaijan, Persisms are often the result of substrate influences from the Iranian-speaking population, which underwent gradual Turkization in the Middle Ages and modern times .