Ashill Constant Theodore Emile Priss d' Avent ( Fr. Achille Constant Théodore Emile Prisse d'Avennes ; January 27, 1807, Aven-sur-Elp - February 16, 1879, Paris ) - French archaeologist , Egyptologist , architect and writer [1] [2 ] ] . The papyrus named in Thebes in 1856 is named after him.
| Emil Priss | |
|---|---|
| fr Achille constant theodore emile prisse d'avennes | |
 Emile Priss d'Aven | |
| Birth name | |
| Date of Birth | January 27, 1807 |
| Place of Birth | Avenue sur elp |
| Date of death | February 16, 1879 (72 years) |
| Place of death | Paris |
| A country | France |
| Scientific field | archaeologist , Egyptologist |
| Alma mater | |
| Known as | found papyrus Priss |
| Awards and prizes |  |
Thanks to his research and picturesque descriptions of clothing and customs of Ancient Egypt , introduced concepts into the World Exhibitions of 1867 and 1878 , he is considered the pioneer of Orientalism in European art of the late XIX century.
Content
Biography
He came from a family of English aristocrats, who in the 1680s were forced to flee to Flanders from the religious and political persecutions of King Charles II . At the age of seven after the death of his father, Emil, at the insistence of his grandfather, went to study in Trelone . At 19, he graduated from the National Higher School of Arts and Crafts , where he studied architecture.
His fountain project in the Place de la Bastille was not realized. In 1826, Priss set out with the French expedition to support the Greek revolution . From there he went to Palestine , visited Jericho , and in Jerusalem he was enrolled in the Order of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem . In Egypt, the Viceroy, Muhammad Ali Pasha, hired Priss as an engineer, appointed to manage the transportation of the Luxor obelisk to Paris.
From July to September 1834, Priss described and mapped the region of Lower Egypt . For some time he taught at the school of infantry in Dumyat , where he was completely imbued with the deepest interest in the culture of ancient Egypt. Together with Francois Champollion, he deciphered the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, studied the local language, culture, customs, visited the holy Islamic places - Mecca and Medina .
First finds
In May 1843, the archaeologist secretly dismantled the bas-reliefs (the “ Karnak royal list ”) in the hall of Thutmose III festivities and took them to the Louvre . Due to the incorrect application of varnish from bitumen, the color painting of the bas-reliefs has been lost.
In 1845, Priss was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor [3] .
In 1847, Priss issued " Egyptian Monuments " ( fr. "Monuments égyptiens" ) and " Oriental Album " ( fr. "Album oriental" ) with a description of the costume, customs, customs of the modern Egyptians.
In 1856, in Thebes, Priss found papyrus dated to the period of the XII dynasty of the Middle Kingdom of ancient Egypt (about 1991–1783 BC) [4] and later named after him [5] . Since then, the papyrus of Priss has been kept at the French National Library in Paris.
1848-1854: Return to France
After the revolution of 1848 in France, Priss was forced to return to his homeland. His request to grant the post of conservator of ancient monuments in the Louvre or the College de France was not granted. Also, his proposal of 1849 to place in the House of Invalides a sarcophagus from Lower Egypt for Napoleon Bonaparte instead of red granite (as a reminder of the Patriotic War of 1812 ) did not meet with approval [3] .
In 1852-54, Priss released the five-volume Review of East and Algeria ( fr. “Revue Orientale et Algérienne” ), which covered the life and culture of the East in detail.
1858–1860: Egyptian Expedition
In 1858, Priss, on the orders of Napoleon III, set out on a scientific expedition to Egypt [6] . At the same time, by the order of Ismail Pasha , Auguste Mariet founded the Egyptian Museum of Cairo in Bulak to preserve Egyptian artifacts in the country. Having earned the title of “robber” in his previous actions in Egypt, Priss hardly gets permission from the viceroy for the Firman’s permission with the condition that nothing be taken out of Egypt.
For the World Exhibitions of 1867, Priss among the commissions developed the Egyptian pavilion, models of the ancient temple, the facade of the palace. As a result, interest in orientalism has grown, a certain fashion trend has appeared.
“The Karnak Royal List”, drawing by Emil Priss, 1846
Papyrus Prissa
Egyptian Pavilion at the 1867 World's Fair in Paris
Late years and heritage
Prison partially accompanied his observations in the history of Egyptian art ( Fr. Histoire de l'art égyptien ) from 1868-1877 and Arabic art ( Fr. L'art arabe ) from 1869-1877. stereoscopic photographs that documented monuments lost later. " Arab Art " Priss is an early work on Islamic art, contains the first evidence of geometric constructions of patterns. Both books were very successful at the World Exhibition of 1878 [3] .
Emil Priss died in 1878. In 1897, Rue Prisse-D'Avennes was named after him in the 14th arrondissement of Paris . The works of Priss are popular and reprinted to this day [7] [8] .
Proceedings
Most Important
| original name | Name in Russian | Year | A place |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monuments égyptiens, bas-reliefs, peintures, inscriptions, etc. | Egyptian monuments, reliefs, drawings, inscriptions | 1842 | Paris |
| Monuments égyptiens | Egyptian monuments | 1847 | |
| Fac-similé d'un papyrus égyptien en caractères hiératiques trouvé à Thèbes donné à la Bibliothèque royale de Paris. Impr. lithographique de Lemercier [2] . | A facsimile of an Egyptian papyrus written by a hieratic and sent to the Royal Library of Paris. Lithographs printed by Lemercier. | 1847 | Paris |
| Histoire de l'art égyptien d'après les monuments depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'a la domination romaine [9] . | The history of Egyptian architecture from ancient times to Roman rule. ( Atlas in 2 volumes with 160 chromolithographs). | 1868-1877 | Paris |
| L'art arabe d'après les monuments du Kaire, depuis le VIIe jusqu'à la fin du XVIIe | Arabic art of Cairo's monuments from the 7th to the end of the 17th century. | 1869-1877 | Paris |
Other publications
| original name | Name in Russian | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Coup d'oeil sur la situation de l'Égypte en décembre 1831 | A look at the situation in Egypt in December 1831 | 1834 |
| Voyage au lac et à la ville Menzaleh | Travel to the lake and the city of Menzaleh | 1834 |
| Lettres sur l'Archéologie et la Philologie égyptiennes | Letters to the Revue Archéologique and to Jacques-Joseph Champollion . | |
| Notice sur la Salle des Ancêtres de Thoutmès III, au temple de Karnak | Notes on the hall of the festivals of Thutmose III in the Karnak Temple | 1845 |
| Recherches sur les Légendes Royales et l'époque du règne de Schaï ou Scheraï | Studies on the royal legends of the reign of Shai and Sherai | 1845 |
| Notice sur le Musée du Kaire et les les collections d'antiquités égyptiennes de MM. Abbott, Clot-Bey et Harris | A note on the Cairo Museum and the collection of Egyptian antiquities for Abbot, Claude-Bey and Harris | 1846 |
| Notice sur les Antiquités égyptiennes du Musée Britannique | Guide to the Egyptian Antiquities of the British Museum | 1847 |
| L'album oriental; caractères, costumes and des cures de la vallée du Nil, de l'Abyssinie et des côtes de la mer Rouge | East album; people, costumes and customs of the inhabitants of the Nile Valley, Nubia, Abyssinia and the Red Sea coast | 1847 |
| Memoire sur les dynasties égyptiennes | Memo of the Egyptian dynasties | 1847 |
| Fac-similé de papyrus égyptiens. Choix de manuscrits Hiératiques, Démotiques et Grecs | Facsimile of Egyptian papyrus. Selection of hieratic, demotic and Greek papyrus. (not published) | 1849 |
| Revue Orientale et Algérienne | Overview of East and Algeria (5 volumes) | 1852-1854 |
| Miroir de l'Orient ou tableau historique des croyances, mœurs, usages, sciences et arts de l'Orient musulman et chrétien | The mirror of the East or the historical picture of the beliefs, mores, customs, science and art of the East Christian and Muslim. (not published) | 1852 |
| Des chevaux égyptiens; race ancienne et moderne | Egyptian horses; ancient and modern races | 1852 |
| Notice descriptive de l'ouvrage du Général Daumas: Les chevaux du Sahara. | Note: Sahara horses (for General Dumas) | 1852 |
| Du café, histoire, culture et commerce | Coffee: history, culture, trade | 1852 |
| Les wahhâbi et la réformation musulmane | Wahhabis and the Muslim Reformation | 1852 |
| Tribus nomades de l'Égypte, les Ababdeh. | Nomads of Egypt - Ababdehi | 1852 |
| Du dromadaire, comme bête de somme et comme animal de guerre | Camels as a pack and martial animal. (criticism of the work of General J. L. Carbuzzia) | 1853 |
| Des marbres de France et de l'Algérie, comparés aux marbres étrangers, anciens et modernes. | French and Algerian marble in comparison with foreign marble - ancient and modern. | 1853 |
| Histoire des armes chez les anciens Égyptiens | The history of weapons of the ancient Egyptians. (not published) | 1854 |
| Des diverses races chevalines de l'Orient | Different breeds of horses of the East | 1854 |
| Notice sur les Papyrus récemment découverts | A note on newly discovered papyrus | 1858 |
| Considérations générales sur notre commerce avec l'Égypte et les contrées adjacentes | General Trade Considerations with Egypt and Neighboring Regions | 1860 |
| De la Création d'un Comité oriental au Ministère des affaires étrangères | On the establishment of the Eastern Committee under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs | 1870 |
Notes
- ↑ Pouillon, François. Prisse d'Avennes // Dictionnaire des orientalistes de langue française. - KARTHALA Editions, 2008 .-- S. 783. - 1007 p. - ISBN 2845868022 .
- ↑ 1 2 OpenLibrary.org. Achille Constant Théodore Émile Prisse d'Avennes Neopr . Open library. The date of circulation is July 16, 2017.
- 2 1 2 3 Notice biographique sur Emile Prisse d'Avennes: voyageur français, archéologue, égyptologue et publiciste, né à Avesnes (Nord) le 27 janvier 1807, décédé à Paris le 10 janvier 1879 / par E. M *** (19 août 1894) . - Paris: Société d'éditions scientifiques, 1896.
- ↑ RB Parkinson. Poetry and Culture in Middle Kingdom Egypt: A Dark Side to Perfection. - London: Continuum, 2002 .-- ISBN 0826456375 .
- ↑ Catalog SUDOC . www.sudoc.abes.fr. The date of circulation is July 16, 2017.
- ↑ Les gadz'arts . patrimoine.gadz.org. The date of circulation is July 16, 2017.
- ↑ Émile Prisse d'Avennes / Sheila S. Blair. - Arab Art. - Köln, 2016 .-- ISBN 978-3-8365-2024-9 .
- ↑ Salima Ikram. Émile Prisse d'Avennes // Egyptian Art: The Complete Plates from Monuments Égyptiens / Ägyptische Kunst. - Köln, 2014 .-- ISBN 978-3-8365-1647-1 .
- ↑ Erreur fonctionnelle . notices.bnf.fr. The date of circulation is July 16, 2017.
Literature
- Jean-Marie Carré. Un grand méconnu: Prisse d'Avennes (Fr.) // Voyageurs et écrivains français en Égypte. - Kairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale, 1956. - Vol. 1 . - P. 301—323 .
- Michel Dewachter Un Avesnois: l'égyptologue Prisse d'Avennes (1807–1879) (fr.) // Mémoires de la Société archéologique et historique de l'arrondissement d'Avesnes. - Avesnes-sur-Helpe, 1988 .-- Vol. Xxx .
- Ève Gran-Aymerich. Prisse d'Avennes. - Dictionnaire biographique d'archéologie (1798-1945). - Paris, 2001. - p. 549-551. - ISBN 2-271-05702-7 .
- Ève Gran-Aymerich. Prisse d'Avennes Achille Constant Theodore Émile (1807–1879) / François Pouillon. - Dictionnaire des orientalistes de langue française. - Paris, 2008. - p. 783-784. - ISBN 978-2-84586-802-1 .
- Mercedes Volait. Prisse d'Avennes, Émile (Fr.) // Dictionnaire critique des historiens de l'art actifs en France de la Révolution à la Première Guerre mondiale / Philippe Sénéchal, Claire Barbillon. - Paris: Institut national d'histoire de l'art, 2009.
- Mercedes Volait. Surveying monuments in Egypt: The work of Emile Prisse d'Avennes (1807–1879) (Eng.) : A lecture at the consulate in Jeddah . - 2013 .-- November 30.
- Mercedes Volait. Émile Prisse d'Avennes. Un artiste antiquaire en Égypte au XIXe siècle. - Kairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale, 2013. - ISBN 978-2-7247-0627-7 .