The Society of United Irishmen ( Irish. Cumann na nÉireannach Aontaithe , English Society of United Irishmen ) is a liberal- political Catholic organization of Irish bourgeois revolutionaries in 1791-1798, which arose in October 1791 in Belfast ( Ireland ) and sought to introduce reforms in political life.
| United Irish Society | |
|---|---|
| Irl. Cumann na nÉireannach Aontaithe Society of united irishmen | |
 | |
 | |
| Established | 1791 |
| Dissolution date | 1798 |
| Type of | political organization |
| Wolf Tone | |
Subsequently, it turned into a radical revolutionary republican organization, inspired by the example of the American and French revolutions.
The most active force of the “United Irish” was the Republican Democrats ( Wolf Thon , Edward Fitzgerald , Thomas Addis Emmett and others), who put forward a program of struggle for an independent Irish republic, the abolition of estate and feudal privileges of landlords and the Anglican church .
The Irish bourgeois revolutionaries did not dare to call for the abolition of landowner land ownership. As a result of repressions, the “Society of the United Irish” in 1794 was supposed to move to an illegal position. Soon it became an underground center for the preparation of an armed uprising against British rule.
The Society raised the Irish Uprising of 1798 with the goal of overthrowing British monarchical rule in Ireland and creating an independent Irish Republic. The uprising occurred during the Revolutionary Wars and was agreed with the French. However, shortly before the uprising of 1798 (May 23 - July 17), the leaders of the United Irish Society were arrested, which deprived the rebels of a centralized leadership.
The organizer and head of the United Irish Society, which has spread throughout Ireland and has been actively campaigning for the preservation of Irish political independence, but on a democratic basis, since 1783, was Wolf Ton . A number of cities in Ireland created the local cells of the "Society of the United Irish."
In 1798, the rebel United Irishmen proclaimed the Republic of Ireland or the Connaught Republic, with their capital in Castlebar . The President of the Republic of Connaught was John Moore .
Famous members of the United Irish Society included Robert Emmett , Thomas Addis Emmett (leader of the revolutionary organization in the 1790s), Oliver Bond , Arthur O'Connor , James Orr , Thomas Payne (honorary member), Stephen Matthewin (fictional character , the hero of the series of naval adventures of the English writer Patrick O'Brien ), etc.
Literature
- Soviet historical encyclopedia . / Ed. E. M. Zhukova . - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1973-1982.
- Golman L.I. Marx and Engels on the most important problems of the history of Ireland in the 18th century. // From the history of Marxism and the international labor movement. - M., 1963.
- Chernyak Ye. B. The mass movement in England and Ireland in the late XVIII - early XIX century. - M., 1962;