Reprogramming (reprogramming) cells is the process of returning mature specialized (somatic) cells to the state of induced pluripotent stem cells . Reprogramming also refers to erasing / restoring epigenetic tags during the development of mammalian germ cells.
Content
- 1 History
- 2 See also
- 3 Literature
- 4 References
History
The phenomenon of reprogramming was first demonstrated by John Gerdon , who in 1962 showed that differentiated somatic cells can be reprogrammed back to the embryonic state. In the experiment, he managed to obtain floating tadpoles after transferring differentiated intestinal epithelial cells to the eggs of an enucleated frog [1] . For this achievement, he received the Nobel Prize in medicine in 2012 with Xinya Yamanaka [2] . Yamanaka was the first to demonstrate (in 2006) that the process of reprogramming a nuclear somatic cell (or reprogramming based on an oocyte) discovered by Gurdon could be carried out (in mice) using a cocktail of certain factors ( Oct4 , Sox2, Klf4 and c -Myc - “Yamanaki cocktail”) for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) [3] . Researchers have also selected and used other combinations of genes [4] .
Ian Wilmut and Kate Campbell were the first to demonstrate that an adult mammalian cell can be reprogrammed back to a pluripotent state when Dolly was cloned in 1997.
See also
- Genetic Engineering
- Cell therapy
- Epigenome editing
Literature
- ↑ Gurdon JB. The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles // J Embryol Exp Morphol .. - 1962. - T. 10 , No. 4 . - S. 622-640 . - ISSN 0950-1991 .
- ↑ Johnson, MH, Cohen, J. Reprogramming rewarded: the 2012 Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine awarded to John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka // Reproductive biomedicine online. - 2012. - T. 25 , No. 6 . - S. 549-550 . - DOI : 10.1016 / j.rbmo.2012.10.00.009 .
- ↑ Takahashi, K .; Yamanaka, S. Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors // Cell. - 2006. - T. 126 , No. 4 . - S. 663–676 . - DOI : 10.1016 / j.cell.2006.07.024 .
- ↑ Baker, M. Adult cells reprogrammed to pluripotency, without tumors // Nature Reports Stem Cells. - 2007. - DOI : 10.1038 / stemcells.2007.124 .
Links
- Chugunov A. (2009) “There was a simple cell, it became a stem.” , Biomolecule.
- Alekseeva E. (2015) “In the search for cells for iPSCs - step by step to the medicine of the future.” , Biomolecule, “BIO / MOL / TEXT” -2015.