The philosophy of Austria-Hungary is part of the intellectual culture of Austria-Hungary , which existed from 1867 to 1918 .
The language of writing philosophical works was German , but the philosophy of Austria-Hungary, for a number of points, was significantly different from German . If Germany was characterized by mysticism , idealism ( German idealism ), nationalism and transcendentalism , then materialism ( Austromarxism ), empiricism ( Machism ), internationalism ( Austro-Slavism ) and psychologism ( Freudism ) flourished in Austria-Hungary.
The peculiarities of the philosophy of Austria-Hungary stem from the heterogeneity of the German-speaking world , as a result of which Austria resolutely refused to participate in the unification of Germany of the XIX century , which caused the Austro-Prussian war . Historically, Austria had more ties with Slavic Czech Republic ( Bohemia ) than Northern Germany. This was facilitated by the Celtic substrate of both countries. In the future, positivism related the philosophy of Austria-Hungary more with France and Great Britain than with Germany. The traditions of the confrontation with the Ottoman Empire and the Catholic confession allowed Austria-Hungary to realize the common European interest and not become isolated in ethno-nationalism .
After the collapse of Austria-Hungary, its philosophy continued to exert its influence on the Austrian ( Vienna circle ), Czech , Hungarian , Croatian (including the Yugoslav school of Praxis ) and even Polish philosophy ( Lviv-Warsaw school ). In opposition to Austro-Marxism , Russian Leninism was formed .
Links
- Niri K. Philosophical Thought in Austria-Hungary. M.: Thought, 1987.192 p.