Chesnokov, Fedor Markelovich

From the peasants. He graduated from the Zemstvo school, then in 1912 the Kutinsky two-year school. With 16 he taught in elementary school.

Member of the First World War and Civil War. In the ranks of the Red Army, he fought on the Eastern Front .

After the war, he devoted all his strength to the enlightenment of his native people, to the cause of cultural construction. Since 1922, Chesnokov lived in Moscow, received a higher education here: in 1924 he graduated from the literary department of the Institute of the Red Professor , graduate school of the Communist University of Workers of the East .

Until 1932 he worked as editor of the Mordovian section of the Central Publishing House of the Peoples of the USSR, in the editorial office of the Mordovian section of Uchpedgiz.

In the Moscow period of his life, F. Chesnokov, in collaboration with famous Mordovian scientists A. Ryabov, T. Danilov, created textbooks for Mordovian schools, was engaged in creative activities, and also actively collaborated in the newspaper Yakster test (Red Star), with which his first literary steps. Since 1933 - Senior Researcher, Literature Sector, Research Institute of Mordovian Culture in Saransk.

In 1934, he was a delegate to the First All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers , where he made a report on Mordovian literature.

In 1938 he was repressed and executed in the same year. After the 20th Congress of the CPSU, he was posthumously rehabilitated.

He made his debut in 1922, publishing the first story, “Raw Teacher” (“Old Teacher”), which tells about the mental state of a rural teacher in the first years of Soviet power. Soon, collections of short stories and essays were published: “Come forth” (“The village split”, 1926), “Leah kiyava” (“The Other Way”, 1927), “Vasen Tolt” (“First Lights”, 1932), “Selected Stories” (1959), “The Rumble of a New Time" (1974) and others, in which the writer's realistic talent was clearly manifested.

Author of short stories, essays, travel notes, plays, literary works, etc.

The heroes of his works are representatives of the working people, and the predominant themes are the revolution , the Civil War, collectivization , the class struggle during the NEP , the establishment of Soviet power, the struggle against religious remnants, and the cultural revolution.

The veracity of the narrative is achieved through the use of documentary materials and those events witnessed by the author himself. He focused on the problem of forming the worldview of his heroes.

The name of F. Chesnokov is associated with the origin and formation of the genre of dramaturgy in Mordovian literature. In 1924, in Moscow, at the Central Publishing House, co-authored with E. Okin and T. Vasiliev, the collection Erzyan Piesat (Erzyan Pieces) was published, which included the plays Cavto Kiyava (Two Ways, translated into Russian .lang.), “And Mon Kodenze Palyn” (“And I Kissed His Hands”), “Rocky Tuvo” (“Grunting Pig”), “Veluv” (“Together”), “Marshmallow Shkasto” (“In the time of corvee ”),“ Kaldorgaut tashto kaitne ”(“ Rasshatan old life ”, translated into Russian), dedicated to the depiction of the life of the post-revolutionary Mordovian village.

The dramatic legacy of the writer includes a number of revolutionary agitation, historical, everyday plays, satirical comedies.

In his dramatic works, those problems and conflicts that were urgent, acute and topical at that time were developed. Important social problems, the severity of the conflict, deep psychologism are characteristic features of Chesnokov’s dramatic works. He is also known as the author of works for children. A high artistic level is inherent in the children's works of the author, included in the collection "Aunt Levx" ("All in the Pope", 1929), and in other collections.

The author of literary works. Chesnokov made a significant contribution to the development of Mordovian literary and artistic criticism. His articles “Avol Ansyak Castano” (“Not Only Growing Up”, 1931), “Moksherzian Drama” (“About Mordovian Drama”, 1934), “Erzyan Folklordont” (“On Erzyan Folklore”, 1934) are distinguished by creative courage, objectivity and significance. )

F. Chesnokov was one of the organizers of the 1933 language conference on spelling , syntax and terminology of Mordovian languages, held in Saransk.

Chesnokov's works were included in textbooks and anthologies for national schools of the republic.

• Chesnokov Fedor Markelovich
• Chesnokov Fedor Markelovich