Southern Bauchi (also Zaar , Zar , Boghom-Sayyanchi , Saya , West Chadian languages of group B.3 ; English south bauchi, zaar, boghom-sayanchi, saya, west chadic B.3 ) - a group of languages that is part of the sub- bauchi bad of the West Chadian branch of the Chad family . Distribution area - the central regions of Nigeria ( Bauchi and Plateau states) [1] [2] [3] [4] . In the classification, R. Blench is divided into three subgroups - Bogg , guruntum , Barava and a separate jimi language (in the classification of V. Blazhek, the jimi language is assigned to the guruntum subgroup) [5] [6] . In the classification of K. Shimizu , the eastern subgroups are distinguished, by the bogg and guruntum, and the western subgroups (or barava), the northern and southern [7] [8] . The southern Bauchi groups include languages zar and language clusters: zar (saianchi), bogg (burum), polch, gej, and others [9] . The exact number of languages in a group cannot be established due to the difficulty of distinguishing between languages and dialects in the absence of clear boundaries in dialect continua - many idioms can be considered dialects in some studies, as languages in others [3] [6] [7] [10] . The total number of speakers is about 460,000 people [1] .
| Southern Bauchi | |
|---|---|
| Taxon | Group |
| Status | universally recognized |
| Area | Nigeria |
| Number of carriers | about 460 thousand people [one] |
| Classification | |
| Category | African languages |
Afrasian macro family
| |
| Composition | |
| subgroups boggom , guruntum , barbara and jimi language | |
| Language group codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-5 | - |
Along with the southern Bauchi (or B.3) group, the northern Bauchi (or B.2) and the Bade-Ngizim (or B.1) [4] [11] groups are distinguished as part of the Bauchi-bade sub-branch (or B sub-branch). In a number of classifications, the southern Bauchi group is opposed to the northern Bauchi and Bade-Ngizim languages, combined into one Bade-Vargi group [5] [6] [10] .
In the languages of Bogog [12] and in the languages / dialects of Gedja [13] , Polch and Saya, writing is developed on the basis of the Latin alphabet , the remaining languages are non-written [1] .
Classification
In the classification of the Chadian languages of the American linguist , the Southern Bauchi group (Zaar - according to the terminology of the author) includes the languages Bogh (Bogg) , Dass (Das) , Dott (Dot) , Gedges , Guruntum , Guus (Sigidi ) , Jimi , Ju , Mangas , Polch , Zaar (Sayanchi) , Dawn ( Zaksha ) and Zei [2] .
The composition of the Zaar group (southern Bauchs) according to the classification of the Afrasian languages by British linguist Roger Blench [3] [5] :
- (a) the barava cluster:
- cluster of gejs : mehang (bolu) , gejs , pyaalu (pelu) , buu (advance) ;
- cluster of polchi : zul , baram , deer , buli , langas (nyamzak, lundur) , luri , polch ;
- cluster of zeal : zea , tsar , danshe , lushi , dyarim , tuli (thule) ;
- dasa cluster: lukshi (lukshi-doksha) , durr-baraz , zumbul , vandi , dot ;
- Dawn cluster: Zakusha , boto , dawn (smoke) ;
- Guus-zaar cluster: sigidi , zaar ;
- (b) the guruntum subgroup: zangval , tala , ju , guruntum mbaaru (including gurdung, mbaaru);
- (c) a subgroup of the goddess : goddess , kir-balar , mangas ;
- (d) subgroup jimi: jimi .
The composition of the Southern Bauchi group according to the classification of the Japanese researcher K. Shimizu [~ 1] [7] [8] :
- (I) eastern subgroups:
- (A) a subgroup of the Boghom:
- (a) the goddess: (i) (1) the goddess (burrum);
- (b) kir: (ii) (2) kiir (kir); (iii) (3) laar (balar);
- (B) guruntum subgroup:
- (c) tala: (iv) (4) Mansi (mangas), (5) soor (zangval); (v) (6) lungu (tala); (vi) (7) sho (ju), jimi;
- (d) guruntum: (vii) (8) mbaaru, (9) guruntum;
- (A) a subgroup of the Boghom:
- (Ii) western subgroups:
- (C) barbara:
- northern subgroup:
- (e) gaji: (viii) (10) migang (bolu), pela, (11) gyanzi (gaji); (ix) (12) buu (advance);
- (f) polchi: (x) (13) zul, (14) barang (baram), deer (baram dutse); (xi) (15) beat (buli), nyamzak (langas), lundur, (17) posi (polch);
- southern subgroup:
- (g) a land: (xii) (18) a land, (19) a thule (tulay), (20) a chaari; (xiii) (21) Doksha (Lushi);
- (h) dass: (xiv) (22) diksha (baraz), (23) bandas (dur), (xv) (24) boodeli (zumbul), (25) wangday (wandi), (26) zodi (duat) ;
- (i) saia: (xvi) (27) zaksi (zaksha), (28) boot (boto), (29) zaare (dawn), sigidi; (xvii) (30) Zaar Kal, (31) Zaar Gambar, Leere, (32) Zaar Lusa.
- northern subgroup:
Notes
- Comments
- ↑ In the classification of K. Shimizu, the eastern and western unions within the Southern Bauchi group are denoted in large Latin numbers, the capital subgroups are the language subgroups, the lower case letters are the language clusters , the Latin letters are the languages, the Arabic numerals are the dialect groups and dialects.
- Sources
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Lewis MP, Simons GF, Fennig CD: Afro-Asiatic. Chadic. West. BB3 Ethnologue: Languages of the World (19th Edition) . Dallas: SIL International (2016). (Retrieved June 23, 2017)
- ↑ 1 2 36. Hausa and the Chadic Languages // The World's Major Languages / Edited by B. Comrie . - Second Edition. - London: Routledge , 2009. - P. 619 - Table 36.1 The Chadic Language Family (Inventory and Classification). - ISBN 0-203-30152-8 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Blench R. The Afro-Asiatic Languages. Classification and Reference List (pdf) P. 4-6. Cambridge: Roger Blench Website. Publications (2006). Archived May 23, 2013. (Retrieved June 23, 2017)
- ↑ 1 2 Lewis MP, Simons GF, Fennig CD: Afro-Asiatic. Chadic. West Ethnologue: Languages of the World (19th Edition) . Dallas: SIL International (2016). Archived November 27, 2016. (Retrieved June 20, 2017)
- ↑ 1 2 3 Blench R. An Atlas of Nigerian Languages. 3rd. Edition (English) (pdf) P. 100-102. Cambridge: Roger Blench Website. Publications (2012). Archived on November 28, 2016. (Retrieved June 23, 2017)
- ↑ 1 2 3 Blažek V. Jazyky Afriky v přehledu genetické klasifikace. Čadské jazyky (Czech) (pdf) S. 12. Masarykova univerzita . Filozofická fakulta (2009). Archived on June 7, 2013. (Retrieved June 23, 2017)
- ↑ 1 2 3 Shimizu K. The Southern Bauchi group of Chadic languages: a survey report // Africana Marburgensia: Sonderheft. - Marburg, Lahn, 1978. - Vol. 2. - P. 13.
- ↑ 1 2 Caron B. A propos de Kal et de Sigidi: problèmes de dialectologie Zaar (tchadique sud Bauchi) // Actes du 3e Congrès Mondial de Linguistique Africaine, Lomé 2003 / KK Lébikaza (ed.). - Köln: Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2003 .-- P. 277—278. (Retrieved June 23, 2017)
- ↑ Porhomovsky V. Ya. Chad Languages // Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary / Editor-in-chief V. N. Yartseva . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990 .-- 685 p. - ISBN 5-85270-031-2 . Archived copy . Date of treatment June 23, 2017. Archived December 25, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 Hammarström H., Forkel R., Haspelmath M. , Bank S .: Subfamily: West Chadic B.3 . . Jena: (2016). (Retrieved June 23, 2017)
- ↑ Burlak S. A. , Starostin S. A. Appendix 1. Genetic classification of world languages. Afrasian (= Semitochamite) languages // Comparative-historical linguistics. - M .: Academia , 2005 .-- S. 338—341. - ISBN 5-7695-1445-0 . (Retrieved June 23, 2017) Archived copy . Date of treatment June 23, 2017. Archived July 10, 2012.
- ↑ Lewis MP, Simons GF, Fennig CD: Warji. A language of Nigeria . Ethnologue: Languages of the World (19th Edition) . Dallas: SIL International (2016). (Retrieved June 20, 2017)
- ↑ Lewis MP, Simons GF, Fennig CD: Miya. A language of Nigeria . Ethnologue: Languages of the World (19th Edition) . Dallas: SIL International (2016). (Retrieved June 20, 2017)
Links
- Boghom-Sayanchi (West Chadic B.3; Zaar Group; Saya Group; Zaar) (eng.) (Html). MultiTree: A Digital Library of Language Relationships (2009). (Retrieved June 23, 2017)