The Barakzai ( Pashto بار ) is one of the largest and most influential Pashtun tribes. In the Pashto language, Barakzai is “the son of Barak” [1] . The tribe lives mainly in Afghanistan . Traditionally, the barakzai settled east of Herat , in the valleys of the Argastan and Helmand rivers. The number of the tribe reaches 4 million people. By religion - Sunni Muslims . The main occupation of the barakzai is agriculture. Many barakzai moved to Pakistan .
Content
History
The well-known afghanist Ludwig Adamek wrote that the barakzai are an important link in the Zirak group in the Durrani tribe, to which the former ruling family Barakzai / Muhammadzai belonged. In terms of numbers, the economic and political activities of the barakzai are the paramount tribe of Afghanistan . They served Nadir Shah , the founder of the Afsharid dynasty in Iran, and were settled on land seized from the Ghilzais . For their military achievements, the barakzai received hereditary jagirs (fiefdoms) from Ahmad Shah Durrani . After the death of Pindy Khan, leader of the barakzai, his successor Dost Mohammed ousted the ruling dynasty Sadozai from power. Barakzai own large agricultural land between Herat and Kandahar [2] .
Muhammadzai
Muhammadzai is the most famous and largest clan of the Barakzai tribe, he belongs to the Zirac group in Durrani confederation. Muhammadzai is primarily concentrated around Kandahar . They also live in other provinces of Afghanistan and the province of Baluchistan in Pakistan .
Musakhiban (originally Hel Yahi ) [3] [4] - clan Barakzayev, descendants of Sultan Mohammed Khan (1795-1861), the elder brother of Dost Mohammed .
Hel (clan) Paindy - descendants of Painda Muhammad Khan (1758-1799), the leader of the Muhammadzai clan during the rule of Timur Shah and Zeman Shah .
Tarzi - the younger line Muhammadzayev Barakzayev tribe. The founder of the clan was Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi (1830-1900) [5] .
Policy
From 1826 to 1978, most of the rulers of Afghanistan belonged to two branches of the same Barakzai dynasty, originating from the leaders of the Barakzai tribe (clan Muhammadzai).
- Dost Muhammad Khan (1793–1863), the first emir of Afghanistan from the Barakzai dynasty (1826/1827–1839, 1842–1863)
- Shir Ali Khan (1825–1879), emir of Afghanistan (1863–1866, 1868–1879)
- Mohammed Yakub Khan (1849–1923), the emir of Afghanistan (1879–1880), signed the Gandamak Treaty with Great Britain.
- Abdurrahman (1844–1901), emir of Afghanistan (1880–1901)
- Habibullah Khan (1872-1919), emir of Afghanistan (1901-1919)
- Amanullah Khan (1892–1960), emir of Afghanistan (1919–1926), king of Afghanistan (1926–1929)
- Soraya Tarzi (1899–1968), wife of King Amanullah Khan
- Inayatulla Khan (1888–1946), King of Afghanistan (1929).
- Mahmoud Tarzi (1865–1933), poet, author and diplomat
- Sardar Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi (1830–1900), poet, ruler of Kandahar and Balochistan
- Mohammed Nadir Shah (1883–1933), King of Afghanistan (1929–1933)
- Mohammed Zahir Shah (1914–2007), the last king of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
- Mohammed Daoud Khan (1909-1978), the first president of Afghanistan (1973-1978)
The main language of the Barakzai tribe is Pashto .
See also
- Barakzai (dynasty)
- Muhammadzai
Links
Notes
- ↑ Martin, Mike. An Intimate War: Anonymous History of the Helmand Conflict, 1978-2012 . - Oxford University Press, 2014. - p. 321. - “Pushkin folklore, Barak, Alak and Popol” for example, Barakzai. ”. - ISBN 978-0199387984 .
- ↑ Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan 4th revised edition . - Scarecrow Press. - ISBN 978-0810878150 .
- ↑ Help for Researchers . The British Library . British Library. The appeal date is September 3, 2016.
- ↑ Saikal, Amin. Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival . - B. Tauris, 2004. - p. 47–49. - ISBN 978-1850434375 .
- ↑ TARZI