Suriname was a colony of the Netherlands in Guiana . It also bordered on the Dutch colony of Berbis in the west and with French Guiana in the east. Suriname became a Dutch colony on February 26, 1667, when Dutch troops captured British territory during the Second Anglo-Dutch War . December 15, 1954 Suriname became directly an integral part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The status quo of Dutch sovereignty over Suriname and English sovereignty over New Holland , conquered by England and the Netherlands from each other in 1664, is confirmed in the Bred Agreement on July 31, 1667, and in the Treaty of Westminster in 1674 [1] .
| The colony | |||||
| Suriname | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kolonie Suriname | |||||
| |||||
 Suriname in 1954 | |||||
←   →1667 - 1954 | |||||
| Capital | Fort zealand | ||||
| Languages) | Dutch | ||||
| Religion | Calvinism | ||||
| Currency unit | and | ||||
| Form of government | |||||
| Official language | |||||
| Story | |||||
| • February 26, 1667 | Occupation of English Suriname | ||||
| • 1818 ( 1863 ) | Abolition of the slave trade | ||||
| • December 15, 1954 | Proclamation of the Charter of the Kingdom of the Netherlands | ||||
After Britain conquered other Dutch colonies in Guiana in 1814 ( Berbis , Essekibo , Demerara and Pomeran ), Suriname, who remained under Dutch rule, was often called Dutch Guiana , especially after 1831, when the British united Berbis, Essekibo and Demerara into a British Guiana colony . As the term "Dutch Guiana" was used in the XVII and XVIII centuries. to designate all Dutch colonies in Guiana .
Content
History
The colonization of Suriname is marked by slavery. The plantations relied on labor, mainly supplied by the Dutch West Indies company with its trading post in West Africa. Sugar , cotton, and indigo were the main goods exported from the colony to the Netherlands until the beginning of the 18th century, until coffee became the most important export product from Suriname. The collapse of the Amsterdam Stock Exchange in 1773 dealt a severe blow to the plantation economy; The situation worsened after the British abolition of the slave trade in 1807 [2] . This cancellation was approved by William I of the Netherlands , who signed the royal decree in 1814 and concluded the Anglo-Dutch slave trade agreement in 1818. Many plantations went bankrupt due to the ban on the purchase and sale of slaves. Many plantations have joined together to increase the quality of labor.
Abolition of Slavery
Slavery was finally abolished in 1863, although slaves were freed only after a ten-year transition period, in 1873 [3] . This led to the immigration of bonded laborers from British India , after a treaty was signed between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom in 1870. In addition to immigrants from British India, Javanese workers from the Dutch East Indies were also contracted to work on Suriname plantations [3] .
Dutch Guiana
Although the colony was always officially known as Surinam / Suriname in both Dutch [4] and English , it was often informally and semi-officially called Dutch Guiana ( Dutch Nederlands Guiana ) in the 19th and 20th centuries, similar to the British Guiana and French Guiana . The use of this term is problematic for Suriname, however, historically Suriname was one of the many Dutch colonies in Guiana , along with Berbis , Essekibo , Demerara and Pomeran , which, after passing under the British crown in 1814, were united into British Guiana in 1831. In 1814, the term Dutch Guiana did not describe a particular political entity, but all the colonies of the Netherlands combined. If the naming of the governors of Suriname after 1814 as the governors of Dutch Guiana is plausible, the same is true of the governors of the colony until 1814, as it implies that they had jurisdiction over other Dutch possessions in Guiana that were not.
Links
Notes
- ↑ Oostindie, Gert. Paradise overseas: the Dutch Caribbean: colonialism and its transatlantic legacies. - Oxford: Macmillan Caribbean, 2005.
- ↑ Buddingh ', Hans. Geschiedenis van Suriname. - Zutphen: Het Spectrum, 1999.
- ↑ 1 2 Bakker, Eveline. Geschiedenis van Suriname: van stam tot staat. - Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 1993.
- ↑ Surinaamsche Almanak voor het Jaar 1846 . Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren .
Links
- Bakker, Eveline. Geschiedenis van Suriname: van stam tot staat . - Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 1993.
- Buddingh ', Hans. Geschiedenis van Suriname . - Zutphen: Het Spectrum, 1999 .-- ISBN 9789046811726 .
- Hartsinck, Jan Jacob (1770), Beschryving van Guiana, of de wilde kust in Zuid-America , Amsterdam: Gerrit Tielenburg , < http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/hart038besc01_01/hart038besc01_01_0024.php >
- Oostindie, Gert. Paradise overseas: the Dutch Caribbean: colonialism and its transatlantic legacies . - Oxford: Macmillan Caribbean, 2005 .-- ISBN 1405057130 .