Samuel Moroccan , also Samuel Abu Nasr ibn Abbas (Samuel Abu Naṣr ibn Abbas), after the adoption of Islam - Samau al-Yahya al-Maghrabi (Samau'al Yaḥya al-Maghrabi) - Arab philosopher , mathematician , physician and astronomer of the Jewish origin; renegade (converted to Islam; 1163); author of the famous essay “Ifham al-Jahud” (“Refutation of the Jews”) about the mistakes of his first faith [2] .
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A variant of the name is Samuel the Moroccan (Moroccan). In Joseph Sambari [3] and in the Juhasin , the annals of Abraham Zakuto , he was called Samuel ben Azariah [2] .
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Proceedings
- 2.1 "Ifham al-Jahud"
- 2.1.1 Translations
- 2.1.2 Russian editions
- 2.2 Others
- 2.1 "Ifham al-Jahud"
- 3 notes
- 4 References
Biography
The son of Rabbi Yehuda ibn Abbas [4] from Fez (Morocco). He studied philosophy, mathematics and medicine. For scientific purposes, traveled to Iraq, Syria, Azerbaijan and Kogistan [5] . In the city of Merag, he began to assure that Mohammed had appeared to him twice, as a result of which he converted to Islam (1163), adopting the name Samau al-Yahya al-Magrabi [2] .
Proceedings
Ifham al-Jahud
He wrote the polemical treatise “ Ifham al-Jahud ” (“Refutation of the Jews”), also known as “Kitab al-Naqd wal-ibram” ( Kitab-al-naḳd wal-ibram ). In this essay, the author proves that it is necessary to change the laws from time to time, which in reality was often done by the Jews. He argues that Jesus and Mohammed were prophets , citing the Scriptures in support of this fact: the first is mentioned in Genesis. 49:10 , about the second there, Genesis. 17: 2 (“דאמ דאמב” has the same numerical value as “דמחמ” - Mohammed). He further claims that modern Jews possess the Torah of Ezra , not Moses, and that too many decrees were added to it by the sages Mishna and Gemara [2] .
David Kaufman proved that Abram ibn-Daoud in 1161 knew about this treatise. Maimonides , apparently, also refers to him in his "Higret Teyman" ("Yemeni Epistle"); This treatise, according to EEB , had no other influence on Jewish literature. Wiener placed the part of Ifham, which relates to David Alroy , in Emek ha-Baha (p. XXV) [2] .
Translations
Based on Jfham al-Jahud, a famous anti-Jewish pamphlet was compiled in the 15th century under the title Epistola Samuelis Maroccani, which was translated from Arabic into Latin, as suggested by Alfons Bonigominis . Including the first edition of 1475, this brochure has survived nine editions in Latin, five in German and five in Italian. The Escorial contains a manuscript of the Spanish translation [6] [2] .
Church Slavonic Russian translation of 1504 was made in Novgorod - “Teacher of Samuel, denouncing the word” from the Latin “Rationes breves magni rabi Samuelis iudaei nati” [7] .
An English translation appeared in York under the title "The Blessed Jew from Morocco, or the black Moor, which became white" (1649; "The blessed Jew of Marocco: or, A Blackmoor made white ..." ) [2] .
The Russian translation, made with the Latin hieromonk Varlaam (Glovatsky) , was published five times in St. Petersburg (1779, 1782, 1789, 1827 and 1837) and once in the Kiev Pechersk Lavra (1855) under the title "The Golden Composition of Samuel Maroksky, Jewish rabbi, consisting of letters to Isaac, Rabbi of Kordub , to denounce the Jewish error ” [2] .
Russian editions
- Samuel of Moroccan. The golden work of Samuel the Jewish rabbi. New edition / [per. Hieromonk Varlaam]. - SPb. : [Type of. Bogdanovich], 1787. - 100 p.
Others
- Maths
- A Brilliant Book on the Science of Arithmetic (al-Bahir fi'l-jabr)
- Astronomy
- "The book of education in the science of stars"
- “A book on the discovery of the shortcomings of astronomers and their errors in most actions and predictions” [8] (“Kashfʿawàr al munajjimín wa ghalatihim fi akthar al ʿ aʿmal wa ʾl ‐ ahkàm”)
- The medicine
- "Nuzhar al-ashàb fi mu'àsharat al-aḥbàb"
- Philosophy
The lesser-known philosophical works of Samuel Moroccan are described by Steinschneider [9] .
The manuscript essay Disputatio Abutalib Saraceni et Samuelis Judaei, consisting of seven messages translated from Arabic into Latin by Alfons Bonigominis , may be related to Samuel Moroccan.
Notes
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 102416915 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Abbas, Samuel abu-Nasr, Ibn // Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron . - SPb. , 1908-1913.
- ↑ Sambari, Joseph ben-Isaac // Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron . - SPb. , 1908-1913.
- ↑ Abbas, Yehuda Ibn // Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron . - SPb. , 1908-1913.
- ↑ "... a mountainous country along the upper course of the Zerafshan River , formed by the western part of the Alai (Zeravshan) and Gissar ranges in the Samarkand region " // Kogistan // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ see Jacobs, Sources, No. 1267; Wed Kaiserling in Jew. Quart. Rev., VIII, 497; Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl., Col. 2438
- ↑ Zyablitsyna N. A. History of the study of the Church Slavonic translation of the treatise “Teachers of Samuel Revealing”.
- ↑ Matvievskaya G. , Rosenfeld B. Mathematicians and astronomers of the Muslim Middle Ages and their works (VIII-XVII centuries).
- ↑ Hebr. Bibl., XIX, 35, and Cat. Bodl., Col. 2442