Buran-Kaya

Contains archaeological cultural layers of Tash-Ayr culture (layer 3), Svider culture (layer 4), Shan-Koba culture (layer 5), Buran-Kai culture (layers 6-1, 6-2), late Oriyak (layers 6- 3, 6-4, 6-5), Kiik-Koba culture (strata B, B1). According to the archaeological materials of the site, new cultural phenomena of the Late Paleolithic were distinguished: Buran-Kai culture, industry of the Late Orignac modeled after Buran-Kai. The monument allows you to trace the ethnocultural processes in the Crimea in a wide chronological framework - from Moustier to the final stages of the late Paleolithic. This indicates an uneven transition from the early to the late Paleolithic.

The study of bone remains from the Paleolithic site of Buran-Kai III showed that the inhabitants of the site, who lived 33 - 38 thousand years ago, ate land animals ( mammoths , red deer, horses, saigas and hares), in addition to the vegetable diet ^{[ 1]} .

In the Buran-Kaya III site (layer B), Neanderthals lived from 43.5 to 39.6 thousand years to the present , just before the mega-eruption of the Phlegrean fields (39.280 ± 110 years ln). A full genomic analysis of Eastern European sapiens BuranKaya3A, who lived in the site of Buran-Kaya III in Crimea, 36 thousand liters. N., showed that he was genetically close both to the inhabitants of the Russian Plain of the same time, and to the representatives of the classical Gravetta of Central Europe, who lived 6 thousand years later. At the same time, he has a mitochondrial haplogroup N1 and a Y-chromosomal haplogroup BT with additional derived alleles, suggesting the possible placement of BuranKaya3A in a Y-chromosomal haplogroup CT or C. The early branch of the mitochondrial haplogroup N1 in BuranKaya3A differs markedly from the mitochondrial haplogroup N, identified in sample Oase-1 (40 ky. N.) From the Romanian cave Peshtera-ku-Oase , which belongs to a more basal branch that does not have modern descendants . In addition, N1 BuranKaya3A carries three of the eight mutations that occur to the rare mitochondrial haplogroup N1b, most concentrated in the Middle East, but widespread from Western Eurasia to Africa. Additional hereditary alleles make assignment for BuranKaya3A Y-chromosomal haplogroups C1a2 or C1b unlikely. In the genome of BuranKaya3A, 3.4% of Neanderthal impurities were detected. This level of Neanderthal ancestry is characteristic of modern Western Eurasians and does not indicate a late, local mixing of Neanderthals in the Crimea with anatomically modern people ^[2] .

• Yanevich O. O. BURAN-KAYA 3 // Encyclopedias of the History of Ukraine : 10 tons.: [ ukr. ] / Editorial .: V.A. Smoliy (head) and ін. ; Institute of History of Ukraine NAS of Ukraine . - K .: Naukova Dumka , 2003. - T. 1: A - V. - 688 p. : іl. - ISBN 966-00-0734-5 .
• Yamal Y., Yanevich A.A. Excavations of the Buran-Kai 3 site in the Eastern Crimea. In the book: Archaeological research in the Crimea. 1994 Simferopol, 199

When writing this article, we used the material of the article “ BURAN-KAYA 3 ” (by Yanevich O. O.) from the Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine , available under the license Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 Unported .