| 2nd millennium | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XIV century - XV century - XVI century - XVII century - XVIII century | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chronological table | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The sixteenth (XVI) century lasted from 1501 to 1600 according to the Julian calendar . From October 5 (15), 1582, all dates are given according to the Gregorian calendar .
Key Events
- The era of great geographical discoveries ( XV - beginning of the XVII century.). The Pacific Ocean was discovered by Europeans (1513; Vasco de Balboa ). The demographic catastrophe of the Indians of America .
- The Spaniards conquer the empires of the Aztecs and Incas . The Golden Age of Spain (“ silver fleet ”; “ black legend ”; Habsburgs ).
- Italian wars ( 1499-1504 , 1508-1516 , 1521-1526 , 1526-1530 , 1536-1538 , 1542-1546 , 1551-1559 ).
- Ottoman wars with Venice ( 1499-1503 , 1537-1540 , 1570-1573 ), Persia ( 1514-1555 , 1578-1590 ), Habsburgs ( 1526 , 1529 , 1530-1552 , 1593-1606 ). Franco-Turkish Alliance (1528-1798).
- Russian-Lithuanian wars ( 1500-1503 , 1507-1508 , 1512-1522 , 1534-1537 ). The reign of Vasily III ( 1505 - 1533 ), Elena Glinsky ( 1533 - 1538 ).
- Safavid state (1501-1722).
- The wars of Portugal for dominance in the Indian Ocean with the Mamluk state ( 1505-1517 ), the Ottoman Empire ( 1509 , 1538-1557 , 1558-1566 , 1580-1589 ) and Persia (1507-1622 ). The coast of Brazil is open and annexed to Portugal ( 1500 ; Pedro Alvaris Cabral ).
- The first European colony in India (1510; Portuguese conquest of Goa ). Mughal Empire founded ( 1526 ).
- Beginning of the Reformation ( 1517 ; Martin Luther ). Protestantism (1529; “ Speyer Protest ”). Schmalkalden War ( 1546 - 1547 ).
- Reformation in England ( 1534 ; Act of Suprematism ). " Elizabethan era " ( 1558 - 1603 ). The Edinburgh Treaty (1560) concluded the period of the Anglo-Scottish Wars .
- Reformation in Switzerland . Calvinism (1536; ).
- Beginning of trade and cultural exchange of Europeans with Japan ( 1543 ). The period of Azuti-Momoyama (1568-1600), which put an end to feudal fragmentation .
- The Order of the Jesuits was founded (1540). Council of Trent (1545-1563; counter-reformation ).
- The Russian kingdom (1547-1721; Ivan the Terrible ). The capture of Kazan ( 1552 ). The Astrakhan Khanate was annexed to Russia (1556).
- The Siam-Burmese wars ( , 1563-1564; 1568-1569; 1584-1593; ).
- Russian-Swedish wars ( 1554-1557 , 1590-1595 ).
- Augsburg religious world (1555) in the Holy Roman Empire. Charles V abdicated transferring the Spanish and Dutch possessions to Philip II , Ferdinand I became emperor. Beginning of the peak period of the witch hunt (1562-1670; ).
- Chinese earthquake (1556) . The Portuguese founded the first trading settlement in China (1557; Macau ).
- Reformation in France . Religious wars (1562-1598). Bartholomew's Night (1572). Edict of Nantes (1598).
- The Northern Seven Years' War (1563-1570).
- Reformation in the Netherlands . The Eighty Years War (1568–1648).
- Livonian war (1558-1583). The Commonwealth (1569-1795) was formed by the unification of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . The Livonian Confederation ( 1435 - 1561 ) broke up.
- The War of the Portuguese Succession (1580-1583). Portugal and its colonies came under the rule of the Spanish Habsburgs (1581; Iberian Union ).
- The Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604) . Campaign of the “ Invincible Armada ” (1586-1588). English armada (1589).
Culture
- The revolution in science (1543-1687).
- Price revolution .
- High Renaissance (late XV - early XVI century). Late Renaissance (mid - late 16th century).
- Venetian and Ferrara schools of painting .
- Founded Königsberg University ( 1544 ; Albrecht Hohenzollern ).
- The Gregorian calendar was introduced in many Catholic lands on October 15, 1582 .
Born
Henry IV - the winner of the League in the form of Mars , painted by Jacob Bunel (National Museum of the Po Castle )
- 1502 or 1505 - Roksolana (Haseki Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan).
- 1508 - Elena Vasilievna Glinskaya .
- 1519 - Henry II , king of France.
- 1524 - Selim II , Sultan of Turkey.
- 1530 - Ivan the Terrible .
- 1533 - Elizabeth I , Queen of England and Queen of Ireland, the last of the Tudor dynasty.
- 1533 , October 14 - Anna Mecklenburg-Gustrowskaya , wife of Gotthard von Ketler , Duke of Courland .
- 1551 , September 19 - Henry III , the last king of France from the Valois dynasty.
- 1553 , December 13 - Henry IV the Great , the first king of France from the Bourbon dynasty.
- 1564 - William Shakespeare .
See also
► XVI century