Ripsalis , or Prutovik [2] ( lat. Rhipsalis ) - a genus of epiphytic shrubsThe Cactaceae family , common in the tropical rainforests of the Americas , as well as in Africa and South Asia . Includes at least 50 species . Some species are cultivated (usually as indoor or greenhouse ampelous plants) .
| Ripsalis | |||||||||||||||||||||||
 Blooming Rhipsalis pilocarpa | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Rhipsalis Gaertn. (1788), nom. cons. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Rhipsalis cassytha Gaertn. (1788) = Rhipsalis baccifera ( JSMuell. ) Stearn (1939) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Content
Distribution
Most species grow in the tropical rainforests of North and South America . Most often, ripsalis grow on tree trunks, can also be found on wet rocks [3] , less often - on the ground. Ripsalis is the only genus of cacti whose natural range extends beyond America [4] : for example, Rhipsalis baccifera (rypsalis is empty) [syn. Rhipsalis cassytha (cassutha), Cassyta (Cassytha) baccifera, Cereus bacciferus, Hariota cassutha (cassytha) ] is distributed in the forests of Central Africa , Madagascar , as well as in Sri Lanka . Probably, from America this species spread with the help of birds and sea currents [2] .
Biological Description
Representatives of the genus are abundantly branching epiphytic shrubs with aerial roots . All species have soft bristly pubescence, no spines [3] . The stems are drooping [5] , can be of various shapes - rounded, ribbed or flat leaf-shaped [3] .
Areoles are located on the surface of the stem - in contrast to representatives of the related genus Lepismium ( Lepismium ). The flowers are actinomorphic , small; can be located, depending on the species, either along the entire length of the stem, or closer to the tip of the shoot [3] . Corollas of flowers - white or pale pink. The flowering time in most species is the end of winter, the beginning of spring [5] . The fruits are juicy, berry-like [3] , various colors - white, pink, black [5] .
Cultivation
Some species are cultivated as greenhouses or indoor plants. The most commonly cultivated species are Rhipsalis cereuscula , Rhipsalis crispata , Rhipsalis mesembryanthemoides , Rhipsalis pachyptera , Rhipsalis teres [syn. Rhipsalis capilliformis ] [3] . Plants are usually grown as ampelous [5] .
- Agricultural technology
Plants are recommended to be grown in leafy or greenhouse land with the addition of peat chips, chopped sphagnum , charcoal and quite strongly decomposed wood residues. It is advisable to use wide low dishes. In a temperate climate in the summer, plants should be sprayed in the morning and evening, to protect them from direct sunlight [3] . For normal development, plants are more important not soil moisture, but high air humidity, at the same time should not be allowed complete drying of the soil [5] .
Reproduction - cuttings [3] or seeds [5] .
Views
According to the database of The Plant List (2013), the genus includes 52 species [6] :
- Rhipsalis aculeata facweber
- Rhipsalis agudoensis NPTaylor
- Rhipsalis baccifera ( JSMuell. ) Stearn [~ 3] [ syn. Rhipsalis cassytha Gaertn. typus [8] ]
- Rhipsalis boliviana ( Britton ) Lauterb.
- Rhipsalis brevispina ( Barthlott ) Kimnach
- Rhipsalis burchellii britton & rose
- Rhipsalis campos-portoana Loefgr.
- Rhipsalis cereoides ( Backeb. & Voll ) Backeb.
- Rhipsalis cereuscula Haw. - Cereus-shaped Ripsalis [3] [5] , or candle-shaped Ripsalis [2]
- Rhipsalis clavata facweber
- Rhipsalis crenata ( Britton ) Vaupel
- Rhipsalis crispata ( Haw. ) Pfeiff. - Ripsalis curly [3]
- Rhipsalis cuneata Britton & Rose
- Rhipsalis dichotoma ( DC. ) Don
- Rhipsalis dissimilis ( G. Lindb. ) K.Schum. - Ripsalis is unlike [2]
- Rhipsalis elliptica G. Lindb. ex K.Schum.
- Rhipsalis floccosa Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff.
- Rhipsalis goebeliana Backeb.
- Rhipsalis grandiflora Haw.
- Rhipsalis hoelleri Barthlott & NPTaylor
- Rhipsalis hookeriana ( DC. ) Don
- Rhipsalis horrida baker
- Rhipsalis hylaea F. Ritter
- Rhipsalis incachacana Cárdenas
- Rhipsalis juengeri Barthlott & NPTaylor
- Rhipsalis kirbergii barthlott
- Rhipsalis lindbergiana K. Schum .
- Rhipsalis lorentziana Griseb.
- Rhipsalis mesembryanthemoides Haw. - Ripsalis mesembryanthem [3]
- Rhipsalis micrantha ( Kunth ) DC.
- Rhipsalis monacantha Griseb.
- Rhipsalis neves-armondii K.Schum.
- Rhipsalis oblonga Loefgr.
- Rhipsalis occidentalis Barthlott & Rauh
- Rhipsalis olivifera NPTaylor & Zappi
- Rhipsalis ormindoi NPTaylor & Zappi
- Rhipsalis pacheco-leonis Loefgr.
- Rhipsalis pachyptera Pfeiff. - Ripsalis pterygora [3]
- Rhipsalis paradoxa ( Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff. ) Salm-Dyck - Ripsalis weird [5]
- Rhipsalis paranganiensis ( Cárdenas ) Kimnach
- Rhipsalis pentaptera Pfeiff. ex A.Dietr.
- Rhipsalis pilocarpa Loefgr.
- Rhipsalis platycarpa ( Zucc. ) Pfeiff.
- Rhipsalis pulchra Loefgr.
- Rhipsalis puniceodiscus G. Lindb.
- Rhipsalis rhombea ( Salm-Dyck ) Pfeiff.
- Rhipsalis russellii britton & rose
- Rhipsalis simmleri beauverd
- Rhipsalis sulcata FACWeber
- Rhipsalis teres ( Vell. ) Steud. - Ripsalis is swollen [3]
- Rhipsalis tonduzii facweber
- Rhipsalis trigona Pfeiff.
About 80 species names of this genus have an unresolved name status in The Plant List (2013), that is, it cannot be said unambiguously regarding these names whether they should be used as independent species names or whether they should be reduced to the synonymy of other taxa [6] .
Comments
- ↑ The name Cassytha L. (1753) is the actual name of the genus of plants from the Laurel family.
- ↑ Name Hariota DC. (1834) is included in the synonymy of the genus Hatiora Britton & Rose (1915) from the Cactus family.
- ↑ The name of this species is sometimes spelled Rhipsalis baccifera ( Sol. ) Stearn , based on the fact that (also known as Johann Sebastian Muller ), published the work Illustratio Systematis Sexualis Linnaei , which cited the name Cassytha baccifera , which became a basionym for the name Rhipsalis baccifera , indicated that the author of both the name of the taxon and its description is the Swedish botanist Daniel Solander [7] .
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Deacons, Kurnakov, 1953 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Udalova, Vyugina, 1983 .
- ↑ Cactus plants / V.V. Bialt // Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. ed. Yu.S. Osipov . - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Grigoriev (eds.), 2006 .
- ↑ 1 2 Rhipsalis . The Plant List . Version 1.1. (2013). Date of treatment June 3, 2017.
- ↑ Cactaceae Cassytha baccifera Sol. (English) : Information on the IPNI website. (Retrieved June 3, 2017)
- ↑ Information on the genus Rhipsalis (English) in the Index Nominum Genericorum database of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) . (Retrieved June 3, 2017)
Literature
- Rhipsalis // Botany. Encyclopedia "All plants of the world": Per. from English = Botanica / ed. D. Grigoriev et al. - M .: Könemann, 2006 .-- S. 740-741. - 1020 s. - ISBN 3-8331-1621-8 .
- Dyakonov V.M., Kurnakov N.I. Epiphytic Candlestick group // Cacti and their culture in room conditions. - L .: From Leningrad State University, 1953. - S. 15-17. - 68 p. - 5,000 copies.
- Udalova R.A., Vyugina N.G. Rod Ripsalis - Rhipsalis Gaertn. // In the world of cacti. - 2nd ed. - M .: Nauka, 1983. - S. 68-70. - 144 p. - (Popular Science Series). - 250,000 copies.