Duty free shop (duty-free shop, English duty free shop ) - stores selling goods at a price that excludes certain types of excise taxes , duties , and VAT , provided that these goods are exported from the country. They are located mainly at checkpoints across the state border (including at ports , airports , train stations ). A typical assortment is alcoholic beverages , tobacco products , perfumes , less commonly jewelry, jewelry, mobile phones, watches, and confectionery. Especially for duty-free shops, alcohol is produced in liter bottles, while ordinary shops use 0.7-liter bottles.
According to the Tax Free World Association (TWFA), in 2011 the total amount of duty free trade in the world amounted to $ 46 billion, of which 35% were in the Asia-Pacific region, 34% in Europe and 23% in the North and South America Of the goods sold, 31% were perfumes and cosmetics, 17% - alcohol [1] .
Content
Largest chain stores
The world's first duty free store was opened by Brendan O'Regan at Shannon Airport in Ireland in 1947 and is still operating. It was created to service passengers flying between Europe and North America, whose aircraft stopped for refueling. It immediately became popular, and similar stores appeared around the world.
In 1966, the International Association of Duty Free Stores at Airports was founded, today [ when? ] bringing together approximately 400 duty-free operator companies. [ significance of fact? ]
The largest chain of duty free shops is Dufry [2] . This company, headquartered in Basel, was founded back in 1869. After the takeover of one of the competitors, The Nuance Group, the Dufry chain has 1,650 stores in 58 countries (including Russia) [3] . The annual turnover of the company exceeds 4 billion Swiss francs , 87% of revenue comes from airport sales [4] .
Dubai Duty Free , according to an analysis by an independent researcher Generation Research , is the largest retail seller at airports [5] . This company began working on December 20, 1983, now it has 7,600 employees, sales in 2014 amounted to $ 1,917 million. It conducts trade at Dubai International Airport (26,000 m²) and Al Maktoum International Airport (2,500 m²) [6] .
World Duty Free Group formed as a result of the merger of the Italian chain of stores Autogrill Group (operating since 1977), the Spanish retail chain Aldeasa (operating since 1976), the British Alfa Airport Shopping (operating since 1955) and World Duty Free, founded by the holding Heathrow Airport ( London ). The headquarters of the company is located in Novara ( Italy ). The group unites 550 shopping centers and duty-free shops in 20 countries, primarily Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom, as well as the Middle East, North and South America. The company's turnover in 2014 amounted to € 2,406.6 million, of which € 1,057.8 million came from trade in the UK, € 737.6 million from the rest of Europe, € 438.3 million from North and South America, € 172.9 million from the Middle East and Asia [7] .
On October 11, 2001, three brothers, Simon Falic, Jerome Falic, and Leon Falic purchased the US part of World Duty Free for $ 121 million and renamed it Duty Free Americas [8] . In 2005, the company made a profit of $ 13 million with a turnover of $ 354.2 million, being the largest operator of duty-free stores in the Western Hemisphere. Its network consists of 28 stores on the border of the USA and Canada, 48 on the border of the USA and Mexico, another 19 are located in Mexico, South America and China. There are also stores at the 12 largest US airports. The headquarters of the company is located in Hollywood (Florida) [9] .
When duty-free trade was just in its infancy, two American entrepreneurs, Charles Feeney and Robert Miller, created Duty Free Shoppers (DFS, “duty free shoppers”). November 7, 1960 began their first store in Hong Kong . Now this network has 420 stores in 11 countries, including 17 international airports, as well as 14 duty-free stores in business districts of some cities in Southeast Asia and Australia [10] . In 1996, LVMH Moët Hennessy acquired part of the shares from C. Fini and two other shareholders and today owns DFS together with R. Miller.
Australian company James Richardson opened its first duty free store at Brisbane Airport in 1972. The James Richardson Duty Free chain currently has 8 stores in Australia , 3 in New Zealand and 5 in Israel . James Richardson Group was founded in 1892 and was engaged in the manufacture of furniture and real estate [11] .
Hellenic Duty Free Shops has the exclusive right to duty free trading in Greece . The company was founded in 1979 by the state, in 2000 its privatization began (completed in 2006). The company has 111 stores throughout Greece (including 22 airports, 11 border points and 11 ports) [12] .
The leading chain of duty free stores in Thailand is King Power , which has its own 12,000 m² shopping center in the business district of Bangkok and stores at all major airports in Thailand [13] .
Top Ten Largest Duty Free Shopping Centers [1]
- Dubai International Airport , Dubai , UAE
- Incheon International Airport , Seoul / Incheon, South Korea
- London Heathrow Airport , London , United Kingdom
- Singapore Changi Airport , Singapore
- Hong Kong International Airport , Hong Kong , PRC
- Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport , Paris , France
- Frankfurt am Main Airport , Frankfurt , Germany
- Tallink / Silja Terminal (ferry port), Finland
- Suvarnabhumi Airport , Bangkok , Thailand
- Amsterdam Airport Schiphol , Amsterdam , Netherlands
Security Considerations
Passengers of long flights with at least one stop between the departure and destination airports should be careful when buying “duty-free” alcohol and perfumes at the last transit point, otherwise security may confiscate them if passengers exceed the current limit of liquids carried in cabin baggage. This does not apply to those who travel within the EU on the same day that the liquid was packed in a transparent plastic bag with a receipt presented for inspection through the bag. However, few people know that those alcoholic drinks and other liquids with a volume of over 100 ml. That the security of the inspection point confiscated can be sent directly from the airport to your home. You fill out a special form, pack it, and pay a shipping fee.
Duty free upon arrival
Some countries, notably Australia and New Zealand , allow arriving passengers to purchase non-excise goods immediately before crossing the border. This not only eliminates the inconvenience of carrying these products with you, but also solves the security problems described above [14] .
Duty free stores in Russia and the USSR
The first duty-free shops appeared at the Moscow Sheremetyevo Airport in 1988. It was a Moscow Duty Free company. The second major player, Regstaer-M, opened its first store in 1998. [15]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Frances Cha. And the world's most lucrative airports are ... CNN (June 14, 2012). Date of treatment August 2, 2015.
- ↑ The largest duty free operator in the world, Dufry buys a competitor for $ 1.73 billion . Vedomosti (June 4, 2014). Date of treatment July 27, 2015.
- ↑ Dufry in One Minute . Dufry AG. Date of treatment July 27, 2015.
- ↑ Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of March 31, 2015 (English) (PDF). Dufry AG. Date of appeal July 27, 2015. (unavailable link)
- ↑ Mary Sophia. Dubai Duty Free Named World's Largest Airport Retailer . Gulf Business (October 16, 2014). Date of treatment July 28, 2015.
- ↑ About DDF . Dubai Duty Free (2014). Date of treatment July 28, 2015.
- ↑ Annual Financial Report 2014 ( PDF) 34. World Duty Free Group. Date of treatment July 28, 2015.
- ↑ About Duty free Americas - Corporate Overview (asp). Duty Free Americas, Inc. (2015). Date of treatment August 1, 2015.
- ↑ Dan Telvock. Peace Bridge duty free operators big political donors . Investigative Post (February 20, 2013). Date of treatment August 1, 2015.
- ↑ DFS GROUP - T Galleria . DFS GROUP. Date of treatment July 27, 2015.
- ↑ About JR / Group . JR / Group (2011). Date of treatment July 28, 2015.
- ↑ About . Hellenic Duty Free Shops (2012). Date of treatment July 28, 2015.
- ↑ Jonathan Head. Tourists warned of Thailand airport scam (English) (stm). BBC (July 20, 2009). Date of treatment August 1, 2015.
- ↑ Everything you need to know about DUTY FREE . GO 2 Your Dream (2014). Date of treatment August 1, 2015.
- ↑ rbc.ru .
See also
- Tax free
- Porto Franco