Coins of Hungary

Coinage from the very beginning was a royal prerogative in Hungary ^[1] . The first Hungarian coins minted under István I Holy were made according to the Bavarian patterns ^{[2] [3]} . The first Hungarian coin was denar.

In 1325, Hungary began minting ducats ^{[4] [5]} . From the time of the reign of Louis I the Great (1342–1382), coins began to depict Saint Laszlo on the reverse and the national emblem on the obverse. Subsequently, on some coin types, instead of the Hungarian king canonized as saints, the Madonna and Child were placed ^[6] .

Under the rule of the Habsburgs (1687–1918), the minting of Hungarian coins continued. The coins were minted on several mints: Kermetsbania (now - Kremnica in Slovakia), Nagybanja (now - Baia Mare in Romania), Smolnok (now - Smolnik in Slovakia), Carlsburg (now - Alba Julia in Romania), and others. Coins minted according to the norms corresponding to the norms of the Austrian coins, with the exception of the coins in semi -coins - units that were not issued in other Austrian possessions. Hungarian coins differed from the Austrian coins and coins of other Austrian possessions by a number of details - a legend , the coat of arms of Hungary, the image of the Madonna with the inscription "Patrona Hungariae", etc. ^{[7] [8] [9] [10]} .

During the period of the Rakoczi uprising , insurgent coins were minted on several mints under the control of the rebels, in 1703-1707 ^[11] . Own coins were minted also in 1848-1849 during the Hungarian revolution ^[12] .

After the conclusion of the Austro-Hungarian agreement of 1867 and the transformation of Austria-Hungary into a dualistic monarchy , another change in the types of coins took place. The characteristics of the Hungarian coins completely coincided with the characteristics of the Austrian coins, however, there were noticeable differences in the design - the coat of arms of Hungary, the inscriptions in the Hungarian language. The name of the monetary unit, which was indicated on the Austrian coins as “ florin ”, was indicated on the Hungarian - forint . Copper minted coins of ⁵ ⁄ ₁₀ , 1, and 4 kreutser ; from silver - to 10, 20 kreutzers, 1 forint; from gold - in 4 and 8 forints, 1 ducat ^{[7] [13]} .

Since 1892, crown (½ forint) and a filler were minted instead of forint and kreutser. Copper minted coins in 1 and 2 fillers; from nickel - 10 and 20 fillers; from silver - 1, 2, 5 crowns; from gold 10, 20 and 100 CZK. On these coins was depicted the crown of Saint Stephen . On silver and gold - a portrait of Emperor Franz Joseph . The mint in Kermetsbánya by this time became the only mint of Hungary. After the end of the First World War and the collapse of Austria-Hungary, gold coins in Hungary were not issued until 1961 ^[14] . The equipment of the mint was taken from Kremnica to Budapest , where the current Hungarian mint was opened, minted in 1920-1922 coins of 10 and 20 fillers according to the type of Austro-Hungarian coins of the 1914 type. The appearance and characteristics of the coins did not change, including the designation of the mint in Kremnica - KB ^{[15] [16]} .

In 1926–1945, pengö coins were minted, and after the end of World War II and the formation of the republic, coins of the Hungarian forint began to be issued ^[17] .

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