Sheikh Muhammad al-Ghazali al-Saqqah ( 1917 - 1996 ) ( Arabic. "'الشيخ محمد الغزالي السقا" ) is a Muslim spiritual leader and scholar whose works "influenced generations of Egyptians . " The author of 94 books, Sheikh Ghazali attracted the attention of many with his works, which sought to interpret Islam and the holy book of the Koran in the modern world [2] . He made a contribution to the revival of Islam in Egypt in the modern world. Another source calls him “one of the most respected sheikhs in the Muslim world” [3] .
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Content
The early years
Al-Ghazali was born in 1917 in the small town of Nikla al-Inab, in the southeast of the coastal port of Alexandria in the governorate of Buheira . He graduated from Al Azhar University in 1941 . He taught at Umm Al-Qur University in Mecca , the University of Qatar and the Islamic University of Al-Amir Abd al-Qadir in Algeria .
Activities
Sheikh al-Ghazali, Chairman of the Academic Council of the International Institute of Islamic Learning in Egypt, has authored over sixty books, many of which have been translated into various languages and have been awarded many awards, including the Order of the Republic of Egypt, First Degree ( 1988 ), King Faisal Prize ( 1989 ) and Excellence Award from Pakistan .
Al-Ghazali is known in the West for his statements in support of the killers of the secular author Farag Foda . Before an Egyptian court, al-Ghazali said:
Anyone who openly opposed the full implementation of Islamic law was an apostate who must be killed either by the government or by believers [2]
In the Muslim world, al-Ghazali "was not only associated with the war process . " He "often appeared on state television and preached in one of Cairo's largest mosques" [2] . In 1989, he wrote a book in which he severely criticized what he called “literalism, and an anti-interpretive approach to the interpretation of Islamic texts” by adherents of the Ahl al-hadith movement. The book contributed to the organization of “several major conferences ... in Egypt and Saudi Arabia” , which criticized the book, published extensive rebuttal articles in the Saudi newspaper Asharg al-Avsat, headquartered in London, and articles by other figures who accused al-Ghazali and doubted "his intentions and competence" [4] . According to the information of Ana Belen Soage during the trial for the murder of Farag Foda, al-Ghazali claimed [5] :
If the state does not punish the apostate, then someone else will do it.
After an attempted assassination of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization during his visit to Ethiopia in June 1995, “Sheikh Ghazali was one of the prominent Islamic spiritual leaders who came to the presidential palace to congratulate Mr. Mubarak on his return” [2] .
Personal life and death
He married Amina Ugla and was the father of seven children: two boys and five girls [2] . He was buried in Medina ( Saudi Arabia ) and remains a respected sheikh in Egypt even after his death [6] .
Artwork
An example of his works is given in the passage below:
“I did not like the way she was dressed when she entered my office. However, looking into her eyes I saw sadness and embarrassment that asked for sympathy and peace. She sat down and began to share her feelings with me to find answers together.
I listened to her for quite some time. I realized that she is an Arab girl who was educated in France, where she grew up. It was also clear that she knew little about Islam. I began to explain the basic facts to her, dispel doubts, answer questions and refute the Orientalists' lies about Islam. I also did not forget to mention modern civilization and the fact that it perceives a woman as a cheap body. At the end of the conversation, the girl signed up for the next appointment and apologized.
Subsequently, a young guy - who had the obvious features of an ostentatious Islamic fundamentalist - burst into my office and said menacingly: “How is such an immoral person like she was hired here?”
“The psychologist’s job is acceptance. It’s not atypical for him to see normal people, is it? ”I replied.
“Of course, you advised her to wear a hijab,” he added.
I told him: “The problem is much deeper. We need a foundation that must be laid. This is faith in Allah and the Day of Judgment. This is the desire to listen and obey what has been established in the Qur'an and Sunnah, including worship and behavior: pillars without which Islam "He can’t exist. He interrupted me with the words:" All this does not mean that we should not order her to wear a hijab. "
“I will not like it if she comes with a completely covered body, but Allah will not be in her heart. I taught her the basics that will help her decide, without any compulsion, to wear decent clothes, ”I calmly answered.
He tried to kill me again, so I said firmly: “I can’t pull Islam by the tail, as you do. I lay the foundation and then begin to build, so I usually get what I want. " Two weeks later, the girl returned. She was dressed in more decent clothes with a scarf on her head. She began to ask again, and I began to teach. Then I asked: “Why don’t you go to the mosque closest to your house?” I said this and felt remorse. I remembered that mosques are closed to women. The girl replied that she hates religious people and does not like to listen to them.
“Why?” I asked.
“They are heartless and despise us,” she answered quickly.
I do not know why I remembered Hind (the wife of Abu Sufyan). One of those who chewed on Khamza’s liver and fought fiercely with Muslims in the 8th year of Hijra. She did not have true knowledge of the Prophet. However, when she found out about him and saw good manners, she told him: “I never wanted anyone on this planet to be humiliated more than you and your family. Now I do not want to see anyone on Earth more respected than you and your family. ” The kindness and compassion of the Prophet changed the hearts of the people around him.
“What is now with them? Have they learned any dua from their Prophet? Or did they learn to unite instead of moving around and saying good words, instead of saying what pushes people away from them and from Islam? ”
Works
Some of his works:
- Islam and modern economics
- Islam and political despotism
- Fanaticism and tolerance between Christianity and Islam
- Fiqh al-gray
- Tafsir quran
- Not according to islam
- Our intellectual heritage
- Life renewal
- Islam and women's issues
- Sunnah of the Prophet: between lawyers and experts on hadith
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Jehl, Douglas Mohammed al-Ghazali, 78, An Egyptian Cleric and Scholar . nytimes.com . The New York Times (03/14/1996). Date of appeal May 25, 2017.
- ↑ Gilles, Kepel . Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam: [] . - Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2002 .-- P. 454. - ISBN 0-674-00877-4 .
- ↑ Abou El Fadl, Khaled. The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists: [] . - India: HarperCollins, 2006 .-- P. 336. - ISBN 9780061189036 .
- ↑ Soage, Ana Belen Faraj Fawda, or the Cost of Freedom of Expression . rubincenter.org . MERIA Journal (06/03/2007). Date of appeal May 25, 2017.
- ↑ AC Brown, Jonathan. Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy: [] . - Oneworld Publications, 2014 .-- P. 384. - ISBN 978-1780744209 .