Tumi - a ritual knife or hatchet made of gold, silver, copper or tumbagi of the pre-Hispanic peoples Sikan , Moche , Paracas , Aymara , Chimu .
Usually it was cast from a single piece of metal, the blade was semicircular, and the handle was triangular or trapezoidal in shape. The figure on the handle of the knife is usually considered the image of the god Naimlap, revered by the Lambayeke culture [1] , or the llama [2] . Often encrusted with semiprecious lapis lazuli . This knife killed the animal sacrifice (black llama) in honor of the sun god Inti . According to the internal organs of the sacrificial animal, the priest predicted the future [3] . In the culture of paracas, with the help of tumi, trepanation of the skull was carried out in order to save a person from migraines, mental disorders, cranial injuries [4] . Tumi was also put in the tomb with the deceased.
The oldest examples of tumi date back to 100 BC. - 700 g. e. and found in Tiwanaku and made by tumi until the XV century [5] . All of them are kept in museums [6] .
In 2006, in the Peruvian tomb, 10 tumi (1100-1400) were found by archaeologists - the previous finds were made by the tomb destroyers [7] .
Interesting Facts
- The government of Peru uses the tumi image in the country's tourism industry.
- Peruvians hang tumi on the walls in houses for good luck. [3]
- The medical symbol of caduceus in Peru (for example, at the Academy of Peruvian Surgery) is sometimes replaced with a tumi pattern - an ax, which skulls used to trepan in ancient times.
- At a recreated Indian festival, Inti Raimi uses tumi to symbolically offer sacrifices.
- The Peruvian state oil company Petroperu took as a basis for its logo a fragment of the ancient Tumi.
- Peru's rugby team logo chose the image of the tumi.
Notes
- ↑ Tumi is a knife for ritual ceremonies . www.explorebyyourself.com. Date of treatment May 29, 2017.
- ↑ Richard Lasch, Walter Krickeberg, Arthur Haberlandt. Illustrierte Völkerkunde / Georg Buschan. - Amerika - Afrika. - Stuttgart, 1922. - T. 1. Strecker und Schröder. - S. 392.
- ↑ 1 2 Tumi, the ceremonial knife (Eng.) // Discover Peru.
- ↑ Pre-Columbian Trephination = Pre-Columbian Trephination // Cyber Museum of Neurosurgery: article.
- ↑ Alejandro Cerdá Esteve. Les cultures indígenes andines De Tiwanaku a Cuzco (Catalan) // De Tiwanaku a Cuzco. Museu di Prehistòria. - 1998 .-- S. 68 .
- ↑ Steve Shackleford. Blade's Guide to Knives & Their Values . - Krause Publications, 2010 .-- S. 396. - ISBN 978-1-4402-0387-9 .
- ↑ Martin Mejia . Peruvian archaeologists excavate tombs , USA Today (November 22, 2006).