JKP GRAS Sarajevo ( Bosnian. Javno komunalno preduzeće - Gradski saobraćaj Sarajevo ) is a municipal transport company operating in the Bosnian capital Sarajevo . She owns the city's tram networks , its trolleybus fleet and several bus lines . Until 1992, the company acted as a public transport operator in the area of the present Istochno-Sarajevo (East Sarajevo), its work was interrupted by the war and did not recover after the formation of Bosnia and Herzegovina . In addition to the main activity in the field of public transport, the company also provides inspection services, and in addition - owns a travel agency and a car school.
| JKP GRAS Sarajevo | |
|---|---|
| Type of | unitary enterprise , municipal company |
| Industry | public transport |
Content
History and Development
Austria-Hungary
With the establishment of Austro-Hungarian power in Bosnia and Herzegovina, investment began in the region’s infrastructure, as well as in public transport in its capital, Sarajevo. On August 28, 1884, the construction of the so-called “ horse tram ” (horse tram) began in the city, as a result of which Sarajevo became the first city in Central Europe with tram traffic. In 1885, a public transport company was founded. The first coach driver in the city was Johan Hank, and the gauge was 760 mm.
Ten years later, in 1895, a modern (electric) tram appeared in the city. For his organization, the city authorities ordered the construction of a series of small thermal power plants, which were supposed to feed streetlights and trams. On May 1, 1895, the first test run of the train took place: from the railway station to the Latin bridge (Latinska ćuprija).
Yugoslavia
In the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), JKP GRAS Sarajevo began to operate as a municipal company and became responsible for a number of innovations in public transport in the capital of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina .
In 1948, a bus appeared in Sarajevo. Five years later, the bus and tram companies were merged into a single GSP structure. In connection with the increase in passenger traffic, local specialists created a tram according to their own project: he made his test run in 1964, on Republic Day.
On the eve of the 1984 Winter Olympics , a new type of public transport appeared in the city - a trolley bus. By the beginning of the war, Bosnia and Herzegovina had seven trolleybus lines with a fleet of 65-70 trolleybuses.
During the war
During the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995, and especially during the siege of Sarajevo , most of the company's transport infrastructure was completely destroyed; this significantly slowed down the development of both the company and urban transport in general.
In the second half of May 1992, tram services in the city were completely stopped; the movement was restored only after more than 600 days - March 14, 1993. On November 27, 1994, the dispatch center in Tsengitsch Wiel again began to operate, a key facility in traffic management.
The bus fleet was used throughout the war: over time, it “adapted” to combat conditions. During the war, buses were operated more and more: in 1994 the city had eight lines with ten buses, and immediately after the siege of Sarajevo their number increased to 32 and 63, respectively. The fighting significantly affected the state of the park: this is the destruction of a large number of buses and damage to their depots , and the lack of spare parts, and so on.
JKP GRAS Sarajevo trolleybuses also suffered huge damage. April 6, 1992 trolleybus traffic in the city was completely stopped. Three years later, in May 1995, an aerial bomb hit the most valuable part of the trolleybus depot: all repair shops were destroyed.
After the war ends
In 1995, after the war ended, donations began to be received from around the world to restore the JKP GRAS Sarajevo. The first such donation occurred in 1998, when the Japanese government donated 50 buses, 15 minibuses , 10 articulated buses and five minibuses designed to transport people with disabilities - as well as equipment, tools and spare parts worth $ 12.5 million.
In November 2015, an electronic fare payment system began to operate in the city in the experimental mode - on buses from Dobrin to the Town Hall. According to the plan, in 2017 it should become regular.
Finance
GRAS Sarajevo, in addition to selling tickets and other forms of income, is funded by grants from the canton of Sarajevo - the volume of which is constantly growing. So, in 2000, the government of the canton subsidized GRAS for 8.239 million convertible marks , while in 2010 this amount was already 12.068 million. 1999 is still the only year in which the company showed a positive operating result - with a net profit of amount of 217.537 thousand marks.
Notes
Literature
- Marko Plešnik. Sarajevo: Mit Ilidža, Butmir, Rakitnica-Schlucht und den Wintersportgebieten. - Trescher Verlag, 2016 .-- S. 18, 40, 48. - 222 p. - (Trescher-Reihe Reisen). - ISBN 9783897943643 .