Berezovo (Shilovsky district)

The village of Berezovo is located on the Oksko-Don plain on the left bank of the Tarnitsa River , 8 km east of the town of Shilovo . The distance from the village to the regional center of Shilovo by road is 11 km.

To the south-east of the village are the tracts Veselovo, Tabory and Lake Protasievo, to the east, beyond the Tyrnitsa River, there is a large forest and tract Kamennaya Baba, in the north - the Forest Chisty, in the west - the tract Nearest Suvratka. The nearest settlements are the village of Borok , the village of Vanchur , the villages of New Life and Pervomaisky .

According to the 2010 census, 325 ^[1] people live permanently in the village of Berezovo. (in 1992, 497 people ^[2] ).

In the name of the village of Berezovo, the people captured a feature of the vegetation of the area - the presence of birches. This is evidenced by local tradition. ^[3] On February 16, 1610, an import certificate of Tsar Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky, Ivan Osipovich Naryshkin (5) with his mother Daria and sister Sophia on the estate of his father, the village of Berezovo Bolshaya Polyana with a village in the Staroryazan camp of Ryazan district [5] was issued. (The village was called - Malaya Berezovo on the Zhitkovsky enemy on the river. Tynorets Staroryazansky camp) [6].

For the first time, the village of Berezovo is indirectly mentioned in written documents for 1563 : in the extract “from the Rezan scribe and patrimonial books, a letter from Grigory Pleshcheev da Kipriyan Dedeshin with merchandise” in the court case of Timofei Shilovsky and clerk Andrei Sherefedinov, “Berezovsky stewards” are mentioned. ^[four]

Already in 1576, Berezovo was shown as a village.

In the famous letter to the Terekhovo-Voskresensky monastery, the complaints of the monks are indicated: "... against Berezovsky against Nikolsky priest, yes against Berezovsky peasants against Sidor, yes to Gavril against Shiryaev children, yes to Eroha, and to the whole parish, and against the boyar’s son to Ivan Fedorov Trubitsyn , yes to his peasants. ”Thus, the letter conveys the name of the first owner of the village - the boyar Trubitsyn Ivan Fedorovich.

In scribe books from 1628-1629 Berezovo is already mentioned as a village with a wooden Nikolskaya church, where it is described as follows ^[5] :

The village of Berezovo, and in the village on the estate land, the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and the Apostle Iyakov is Cretzky, and the church and in the church the images and books and vestments and the whole church building are the estate, and on the estate there are church courtyards: the court of Pop Ignatius, the courtyard of the Ovdotitsa mallow, the yard was a sexton Senka Stepanov, and a cell of a poor old man Afonka Prokofiev, and a petitioner from the church of God, arable land of church good lands from an estuary arable land of 12 chetyre in the field, and in two hedgehogs. Yes, in the village there is a court yard of the estate owners, a court of prikachniks, and a janitor Levka Ivanov Zasora with his son Matyushka, 9 peasant households, 9 Bobyl households, and 12 empty peasant households live in it.

From the salary books of 1676, it can be seen that Berezovo, before the church was built in it, belonged to the parish of the village of Timoshkino : "But from that church tribute was paid according to the old salary with the village of Timoshkin." Church land at St. Nicholas Church in salary books is listed only ^[5]

3 quarters in the field, in two heirs, of hayfields of 30 kopecks; in the parish, the yard of the landowners Ivan Ivanov, the son of Naryshkin and the peasant 20 yards, the Bobyl 3 yards. According to the salary of 184, tribute should be paid 23 altyn 3 dengi.

Also from the above passage it follows that the owner of the village of Berezovo at the end of the XVII century. was the okolnichny Ivan Ivanovich Naryshkin (+1693), the second cousin of Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna (nee Naryshkina; 1651 + 1694), the mother of Tsar Peter I, married to A. R. Karavaeva. Subsequently, the village was also owned by his son, stolnik Ivan Ivanovich Naryshkin (1668 + 1735), married to Anastasia Alexandrovna Miloslavskaya, and grandson, secret adviser and chamberlain Alexander Ivanovich Naryshkin (1735 + 1782), married to Princess Anna Nikitichna Trubetskoy. ^[6]

In 1707, on the initiative and at the expense of the stolnik Ivan Ivanovich Naryshkin, in the village of Berezovo, in place of the old decrepit wooden Nikolskaya church, a new stone church was built in the same church name, and in 1785 another throne was built in the name of the Intercession Of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In 1718, Ivan Ivanovich was arrested in the case of Tsarevich Alexei, but escaped execution. For 11 years before this, in 1707, Tsarevich Alexei, son of Peter the Great, came to him in Berezovo for some reason and left a psalter with his signature in the Nikolo-Lopatinsky Monastery.

At the beginning of the XIX century. the owners of the village of Berezovo became in shares the nobles Telepnyov and Fatov . The court adviser Ivan Venediktovich Fatov and his sons Alexander and Grigory Ivanovich built a manor house in Berezovo and did a lot to decorate the village church. In 1803, I.V. Fatov added a new bell tower to the St. Nicholas Church, in 1823 his son, A.I. Fatov, updated the wall paintings. Significant sums were donated for the improvement of the St. Nicholas Church in the village of Berezovo. ^{[5] [6]} In 1833, in the village of Borok, the landowner had 65 souls, the widow of Fatova, the college registrar, Princess Varvara Alekseevna Kropotkina, who married Semyon Nikolayevich Aksenov (1787-1840) official 6 cl. Commissariat Department of the Ministry of the Sea, the famous first guitarist in Russia.

The “newly settled village” indicated in the archival data may be Aksyonov Khutor, named after the guitarist and shown by I. Prokhodtsev in “Populated Places”. He had three children - Nikolai (b. 06/03/1828), Anna (b. 30.06.1829) and Natalya (b. 08.22.1831), most likely children from the 2nd wife, indicated by Princess Varvara Alekseevna. According to the stories of old-timers Dudiny Aksyonov, the farm is a May farm

In 1869, the second lieutenant Kvintillian Petrovich Golikov in the village of Berezovo established a starch plant, 16 people worked on it. According to the "Index of Factories and Plants of European Russia and the Kingdom of Poland" in 1887, the plant produced 8,000 pounds of starch, its turnover reached 6,000 rubles. ^[7]

In 1888, a parish school was opened at the Nikolskaya Church in the village of Berezovo.

By 1891, according to I.V.Dobrolyubov , the parish of the Nikolskaya church in the village of Berezovo, in addition to the village with 182 yards, included the village of Nikitina (68 yards), of which there were 845 male souls and 917 female souls, including literate 180 men and 60 women. ^[five]

By 1909, there were already 205 yards in the village of Berezovo, in which 714 male souls and 791 female souls lived. In the village there were St. Nicholas Church, a parish school, a 2-storey trading house with a tavern, brick and starch factories, and mills. St. Nicholas Church in 1905-1907 was expanded, and its side-throne Pokrovsky throne abolished. The parish school was maintained at the expense of parishioners. By the beginning of the 20th century 90 boys and 45 girls studied there. The lands in the countryside of the village belonged to the landowner Telnov and fellow Minister of Railways Dombrowski. ^[eight]

After the October Revolution of 1917, a Council of Peasant Deputies was formed in Berezovo. In 1920, brick and starch factories were nationalized, the village became the center of the Berezovsky volost of the Spassky district. In the late 1920s, in order to implement the collectivization of agriculture , the pro-communist worker Proshlyakov was sent from Moscow to work in the village of Berezovo. In 1928, he initiated the creation of an agricultural artel in Berezovo, one of the first in the territory of the modern Shilovsky district. In 1929, there were already up to 250 peasant farms in it. This collective farm received the symbolic name "New Village". ^{[8] [9]}

On July 29, 1936, the St. Nicholas Church was closed by a resolution of the Moscow Regional Executive Committee, and its building was transferred for the construction of a village club. Since 1941, a collective farm granary was located here.

The collective farm survived the difficult years of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. when the men who went to the front were replaced by women. At that time, 90 women worked as pigmen on the collective farm “New Village”; schoolchildren were weeding, collecting spikelets on collective farm fields (currently the collective farm is not working). ^[9]

The building of the former St. Nicholas Church was returned to believers in 1992 and consecrated in the name of the Protection of the Holy Virgin.

In the village of Berezovo, Shilovsky district, Ryazan region, there are:

1. LLC "New Village", an agricultural enterprise.

In the village of Berezovo, Shilovsky district, Ryazan region, there is a post office, a feldsher-midwife station (FAP), a club and a library.

The main cargo and passenger transportation is carried out by road. 1.5 km north of the village there is a stopping point “Tarnitsa Razdezn” of the Ryazan-Pichkiryaevo railway line of the Moscow Railway .

• Archaeological evidence indicates that these places have traces of human activity from the Bronze Age. Archaeologists have discovered settlements of the Bronze Age and XIV-XVII centuries. north-east outskirts of Berezovo and 3 km to the south-east from Berezovo. [2].
• Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin - Intercession Church. Built in 1707 on the initiative and at the expense of stolnik I. I. Naryshkin ^[10] .
• The estate of the noble Fatovs, XIX century. The preservation is low: a regular park of mixed tree species ("Barsky Garden") has been preserved. ^[6]
• The dispute between the residents of Berezov and Shilov over the St. Nicholas Monastery. The St. Nicholas-Lopatinsky Monastery (Correctly Lopatinsky, not Lapotny - A.I. Kondrashov) was located on the banks of the Oka River, behind the Parala River, one verst from the village of Shilovo, in dachas of the same village, and 3 versts from .Berezova. This area is indicated in the letter of 1563: "And it was written out from the Rezan script from the estate books of a letter by Grigory Plescheev and Kipriyan Dedeshin from the summer goods of seven thousand and seventy-first year” / 1563 / (1) The letter says: "... and from the same arable land Danilo plows Lopatin glade ... Yes, the land to that village Danilu and Polageya and her children ... Yes, the mouth of Pora’s meadow is the Monastery, the haystacker laid on it for two hundred and twenty kopecks; "Yes, across the river beyond Poroy to that village a backwater, and prey, and a spawning ground - Danila with Polageya and with children in half." And now attention , the following phrase indicates the place where the future monastery will be.

"Yes, on the Meshchersky side, the church of Nikola Chyudotvorets on their own patrimonial land; and the church and the side chapel in Shilov’s land: down the Pore river against the forest, meadow, hay two hundred and ten kopecks; yes, on the Rezan side, Lake Chomut with a stock and with a preponderance and a forest onboard along the Pore River, in a wild field, and that forest with Turov’s sidekeepers walks, their oars are about two boundaries. ”The Meshchersky side in the Shilov region began beyond the Para River and belonged to the Meshchersky district. Later, to the Shatsky district. Thus, the first mention of the St. Nicholas Monastery dates back to 1563, and it was located on the Oka River, beyond the Para River, more precisely, almost at its mouth, and had two letters by letters: “Lopatinskaya” and “Yes, the mouth of Pora is the meadow of the Monastery.” These lands, which ran from The Oka to the future village of Borok, belonged to the Shilovsky family. The father of the latter was the abbot of the Terekhovo-Voskresensky monastery. This plot of land, the Shilovsky family, was given to the monks of the monastery along with half of their washing. The church of the great miracle worker Nikola, mentioned in 1563, is mentioned in salary books 186 (1676) g., Where it is noted that, by decree of Mies la Archbishop tribute "to her hath not commanded, and the great memory of Nicholas the Wonderworker twice in the summer to serve the village priest Mikhail Shilov". In 1719, the owners of the village of Shilov, the Nikolskaya monastery church was moved to another place, rebuilt and, by order of Metropolitan Stefan, consecrated by the village of Konstantinov, Priest Theodore Ivanov. In April 1747, His Grace Alexy was given a blessed deed for the construction in the Nikolaev desert, the call of Lapotnaya, again the Church of God, in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in the new cemetery. In 1748, the owner of the village of Berezova, the widow of Nastasya Alexandrova’s daughter Naryshkina (nee Miloslavskaya), the minister Ivan Mokeev requested the same bishop. Alexy to allow the newly-built St. Nicholas Church to bless with. Putyatin to the Resurrection Priest Michael and to issue a temple sanctuary letter, which was given to the petitioner in October of the same year. In the newly-built St. Nicholas Church, worship was performed only three times a year - on the day of St. Nicholas, on December 6, on the day of the Nativity of John the Baptist and on the day of the Beheading, his honest chapter. But since this church has become the subject of a dispute between the villages of Shilovo and Berezov, Dmitry Sechenov, upon arrival at the Ryazan diocese, ordered the selection of anti-menses from it, and thereby put an end to the bickering between the indicated villages. On the 4th day of July 1785, the patrimony of the cadet chamber of Alexander Ivanovich Naryshkin, barmist Vasily Sofronov, the village of Berezov’s church of St. Nicholas the wonderworker Warden Semyon Naumov, addressed all the parish people on behalf of all the parish people. Simon with a request to allow them to arrange a chapel at the time of their parish church in the name of the Nativity of John the Baptist, and to break and use the dilapidated church of St. Nicholas, called Lapotnaya, for heating the chapel and baking prosphora. In the same year, the peasants of S. Shilov filed a petition to allow them to arrange a special chapel with their wooden Assumption Church from Nikolo-Lapotnaya, at the same time prescribing that this "June 785, 21 days of S. Berezov" priest Simeon Grigoriev, Deacon "Osip Afanasyev and the elderly sexton Cyril Andreyanov, collecting" the estates of the landowner Naryshkin - sat "Berezova and Borka with peasants in a plurality of people, arrived by water and entered the St. Nicholas (monastery) church. The iconostasis is all and other holy icons and church utensils books and stuff they took everything, and putting it in a boat, they took it to the village of Berezovo. ”Why did the Shilovites also ask the peasants stolen the village of Berezova to return the church property to them. Since, according to the information in the Local Government and according to the scribe books, the church of Nikola Lapotny was in dachas, belonging to the village of Shilov, and not to Berezov, the Consistory decided: "Give the Nikolo-Lapotnaya church to the rebuilding of the parishioners of the village of Shilov, and then, and the inhabitants taken from the village of Berezov, order them to return to the same building allow this church to do not n and in her former place, across the river, and in the very village of Shilov on the churchyard of the parish church, which in that village should be instead of clinging warmth. " On July 25, 1786, for 1196, a letter was given to consecrate Nikolsky in the chapel of Shilov, which was consecrated on November 29 of the same year by the Spassky Protopope George. The monument to the once-existing St. Nicholas-Lapotny Monastery is available in the village. Shilov was followed by a hymnal with the following inscription: "This verb with a verbal hymnal was granted and attached by the noble prince Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich in Ryazan County, in Staroryazanskoye become the desert of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, which is on the river Oka, on the 3rd of November, 8th”.