Chinese spinning top

An ordinary spinning top after untwisting (in any direction) has the following three properties:

• direction of rotation constantly
• during rotation, the point on the top touching the plane does not change
• the distance from the center of gravity to the fulcrum in the process remains the same

At first glance, it seems that these three properties should be observed in any top (not containing an energy source inside). However, the unusual shape and uneven distribution of mass over the top of the top can lead to a different rotation pattern - at first glance, contrary to conservation laws: some time after the start of rotation, the top rotates and begins to rotate, touching the plane with its other point; the direction of rotation is reversed, and the center of gravity rises. Such spinning tops are called the Chinese spinning top or the Thomson spinning top .

The main idea is the appearance of a moment of friction forces, and the corresponding gyroscopic precession ^[1] , which eventually rotate the top (due to the unusual shape of the top) and finally the top stands on the leg. ^{[2] [3]} .

In well-known publications, it is believed that the speed of the point of contact with the plane along which the movement occurs is zero ^{[3] [4]} . P. Contens pointed out ^[4] that such a statement of the problem does not give the correct physical picture of the motion of the top. V. F. Zhuravlev and D. M. Klimov introduced dry friction forces at the contact point and completely explained the unusual motion of the Chinese top ^[5] .

For the first time, Lord Kelvin drew attention to the unusual dynamic properties of Chinese spinning tops ^[6] . In 1891, a German patent No. 63261 ^[7] was granted for one of the forms of a Chinese top called “wendekreisel”. However, the patent indicated incorrect parameters of the top - if you follow them exactly, it will not be turned over (probably to make it difficult for competitors to copy). In 1950, the spinner was rediscovered by Danish engineer Werner Ostberg, who also received a patent for it ^[8] . Since then, spinning tops have gained great popularity in the world.

• Spinning top
• Gasing
• Celtic stone
• The effect of Janibekov

• Sivukhin D.V. General course of physics . - 3rd edition, revised and supplemented. - M .: Nauka , 1989. - T. I. Mechanics. - 576 p. - ISBN 5-02-014054-6 .
• Perry J. Spinning Top. M .; L .: Ch. ed. scientific pop. and young man. lit., 1935. 92 p.

• Description with illustrations. igrudom.ru
• Glad, S. Torkel; Daniel Petersson; and Stefan Rauch-Wojciechowski. Phase Space of Rolling Solutions of the Tippe Top (neopr.) // Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications (SIGMA). - 2007.- T. 3 . (eng.)
• V. A. Aleshkevich, L. G. Dedenko, V. A. Karavaev “Lectures on the mechanics of a rigid body”, Moscow State University, 1997. astronet.ru
• Stefan Ebenfeld, Florian Scheck "A new analysis of the tippe top: Asymptotic states and Liapunov stability." arxiv.org
• Description with illustrations. fysikbasen.dk (English)
• Description with illustrations. me598.wikidot.com (English)
• Video. ( MOV format. Download 1.8 MB) fysikbasen.dk