Zhao Shuli ( Kit. Ex . 赵树理 , 1906–23 September 1970, Taiyuan, Shanxi), was a writer and leading figure in contemporary Chinese literature . He died in 1970, as a result of persecution during the cultural revolution .
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Biography
Born in 1906 in the county of Qinshui , Shanxi province, in a peasant family. He studied at the pedagogical school. Initially, he bore the name 趙樹禮, which was pronounced in the same way as his literary pseudonym, but was written in other hieroglyphs.
For pro-communist activities, he was arrested by the Kuomintang authorities. From the mid-1930s, he held party positions in territories controlled by the Maoists in northern China.
Among the major tales of Zhao: 小二黑 結婚 "The Marriage of the Little Erhea"; Ли 板 話 “Songs of Li Yutsaya”; 李家莊 的 變遷 "The Fate of the Lee Inheritance"; and Тр 里 灣 “Three Mile Bay”. The action of his prose works usually takes place in the countryside of northern China. In this setting, Zhao explores the dilemmas and conflicts that local people face in the face of social changes taking place in the territories occupied by the Communists. These stories have been translated into Russian. Creating workshops psychological portraits of heroes, Zhao at the same time, as a party activist, strongly praises the "progressive transformations" of the Maoists in the territories they occupied in the 1940s, and considers the negative aspects of the new government as remnants of the past and the excesses of individual figures. Zhao founded the Shanyodan literary movement (山藥蛋 派), which had a significant impact on Chinese literature of the 20th century.
In the stories “Meng Xiang Ying begins a new life” (1944), “The Fuguya Story” (1946), “Marriage Registration” (1950), in the story “Changes in Lijiazhuang” (1946; Russian translation - 1949), in the novel “Sanylivan Village "(1955; the same year translated into Russian) Zhao Shuli also writes about the transformations in the Chinese countryside as a result of communist reforms.
Among the last works of the writer are the stories “To Be Tempered, To Be Tempered” (1958), “Hands Not Used to Gloves” (1960), “Mutual Testing” and “Zhang Laixing” (in Russian translation - “Strong Bone”; 1962).
In 1949 and 1958, he visited the USSR. Zhao was a member of the Executive Committee of the Union of Chinese Writers, and also served as director of the Society of Chinese Authors, Chairman of the Society of Chinese Poets, was the editor of 曲藝Qui (“Folk Art”) and 人民文學 Renmin Wenxue (“Folk Literature”) magazines. He was also a delegate to the Eighth Congress of the Chinese Communist Party , and a deputy of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd convocations of the All-China Assembly of People’s Representatives .
In 1964, he was subjected to public criticism, since 1967 he was under house arrest and disappeared from public life (in Soviet sources he was considered dead since that time). He died in 1970, under house arrest, as a result of persecution against intellectuals and other "disagreeable" during the cultural revolution .
Works
- Zhao Shu-li. Songs Lee Yu-tsai. - M .: Nauka Publishing House, Main Editorial Office of Oriental Literature, 1974. - p. 11-68.
- Zhao Shuli. Marriage Registration // Selected Works of Writers of the Far East. (trans. Dmitry Nikolaevich Voskresensky, ...) (i.c. Library of selected works of writers in Asia and Africa)
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 BNF ID : 2011 open data platform .
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica