Monument to Fyodor Dostoevsky - a monument to the classic of Russian literature Fyodor Dostoevsky . It was installed in 1936 near the building of the Mariinsky Hospital , in the northern wing of which the writer was born and lived until the age of 16 [1] [2] . The museum also has its museum apartment [3] [4] [5] . The author of the sculpture is Sergey Merkurov . Created back in 1914 [6] [7] [8] , it is the first permanent granite monument of Leninist monumental propaganda [9] [10] . In 1956, the architect Isidore the Frenchman created a pedestal for the statue [11] [12] .
| Monument | |
| Monument to Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky | |
|---|---|
 Monument in 2018 | |
| A country |  Russia |
| Location | Moscow , Dostoevsky street , 2 |
| Sculptor | Sergey Merkurov |
| Architect | Isidore French |
| Building | 1911 - 1914 |
| Status |  An object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of federal significance. Reg. No. 771410725790006 ( EGROKN ). Object number 7733275000 (Wikigid database) Identified OKN No. 7681931 |
| Height | 3.5 meters |
| Material | bronze , swedish granite |
Description
The statue and pedestal are made of Swedish granite. The writer is depicted in full growth. He hunched over, palms clasped across his chest, a robe sliding off his left shoulder. The sculptor defined the monument as a figure with two axes and one center located outside the statue. With a change in perspective, the silhouette of the writer [12] [13] [14] also changes.
History
In 1911, commissioned by the patron Nikolai Shakhov [11], the sculptor Sergey Merkurov [15] [16] [17] began work on the statue of Fyodor Dostoyevsky in his workshop on Tsvetnoy Boulevard [18] . It was conceived as an element of the triptych , which also included the monument to Leo Tolstoy and the sculpture " Thought " [19] . The master hatched this idea since 1905 [12] [20] . The sculptor wrote: “ It seems to me that I discovered the laws that obey real works of art ... In my theories I caught the tip for the fourth dimension ... I’ll make Dostoevsky consciously ” [21] [22] .
Before sculpting a figure in granite, the author created about twenty busts of the writer, for which the artist and composer Alexander Vertinsky posed [23] [24] . However, due to the First World War , it was not possible to immediately realize the work [25] .
| He mastered my plan, took the correct pose. And how he held his amazing plastic hands!Sergey Merkurov about working with Alexander Vertinsky [11] |
On August 2, 1918, in the Izvestia of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee , the List of Persons with whom it was proposed to put monuments in Moscow and other cities of Ros was published. Social Fed. Owls Republic ". The list included Fedor Dostoevsky [26] [27] . Sergey Merkurov presented his sculpture to the Moscow City Council . The commission, led by the People's Commissar of Education of the RSFSR Anatoly Lunacharsky [28] , which also included Vladimir Friche and Nikolai Vinogradov [29] , visited the workshop. The commission agreed with the artist’s proposal and bought the entire triptych [30] . On November 7 of the same year [20] [31] the monument was erected on Tsvetnoy Boulevard [32] [33] , not far from the author’s workshop, because there was no necessary equipment for the long-distance transportation of heavy sculptures [11] [34] .
| The figure of Dostoevsky, which is a huge granite block three meters high, was moved from the workshop to the place of production - at the fountain on Tsvetnoy Boulevard - in a way that was used even in Ancient Egypt . She was laid on two logs connected in the form of a sled. Rollers were placed under the logs, along which the "sleigh" rolled with the help of the gate, which strengthened along the path of the statue. The whole operation was carried out by three workers together with the author himself. The movement of the statue attracted large crowds of spectators.Nikolai Vinogradov, 1939 [21] |
According to legend, after installation on the monument appeared chalky inscription: " Dostoevsky - from grateful demons " [35] . The exact authorship of the expression has not been established. According to one version, one of the writers came up with the phrase when Lunacharsky [36] [37] asked him about the signature of the monument, according to another version it was spoken by the people's commissar [38] [39] [40] or his classmates at a meeting graduates of the Kiev gymnasium [41] [42] .
The reaction of contemporaries was mixed. For example, the poet Ivan Pribludny dedicated a poem to the monument [43] [44] :
| Deeper and lower, to the steep climb, where is given with a bouquet in hand Pipe Square to Tsvetnoy Boulevard, where Dostoevsky froze in tetanus |
And the poet Sergei Gorodetsky wrote [45] :
| All lines of the statue of Dostoevsky run from the inside. The impression of the search for eternal restlessness, painful anxiety is given by these lines. Nerve arms are connected to the chest. The head stretches somewhere to the side, as if a great visionary peers into the last abysses of the human spirit. |
Two diary entries of a resident of Moscow, Nikolai Potapovich Okunev, are characteristic. Immediately after the discovery, he wrote [46] [47] :
| I saw yesterday ... monuments ... this is the work of the sculptor Merkurov - " Human Thought " and a monument to F. M. Dostoevsky (on Tsvetnoy Boulevard). Both are made of bronze and granite, only the pedestals are temporary, and the statues themselves are completely finished and expose Merkurov’s great thought and enormous talent. |
However, two weeks later his opinion changed [46] [47] :
| The other day, I again passed by the Mercury works Human Thought and Dostoevsky. And this time I didn’t find anything brilliant in them <...> And Dostoevsky - how to look from which country: either a saint from the frescoes of the Assumption Cathedral , or Shylock . Neither of these statues contains the main thing that is required from the monuments: there is no fundamental or clear image. |
In 1936, due to the laying of tram tracks [48] [49], the monument was transferred to the building of the Mariinsky Hospital [50] [51] [52] . It is noteworthy that the monument was erected without a pedestal [9] , which appeared only twenty years later. Its author was the architect Isidore French [11] [12] .
| All the windows of the hospital buildings were lit and the yellow stripes lay on the trampled courtyard snow. Vadim did not immediately find the gate and for a long time wandered through the hospital yards, which were connected one to the other. In one courtyard he saw a tall, dark monument. “Who is it?” - Vadim thought sluggishly, as if in a nap, and went up. He recognized Dostoevsky’s big-faced sullen face. Oh yes! After all, Dostoevsky was born and lived in this hospital house. Here, somewhere, and his museum. A hospital, an emergency room, a monument to a sick Russian writer ... All this looks like a dream.The writer Yuri Trifonov in his story "Students" [53] [54] |
In 1960, the monument was taken under state protection [55] .
Notes
- ↑ Palamarchuk, 1992 , p. 183.
- ↑ Demoted from monuments . Arguments and Facts (August 3, 2005). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ Biography of Fyodor Dostoevsky . RIA Novosti (November 11, 2016). Date of treatment July 29, 2018.
- ↑ Surkov, 1962 , p. 767.
- ↑ Kim, 1967 , p. 228.
- ↑ Vostryshev, 2009 , p. 148.
- ↑ All of Moscow, 2014 , p. 621.
- ↑ Pavlov, 1980 , p. 138.
- ↑ 1 2 Sobolevsky, 1947 , p. 36-37.
- ↑ Monuments . Dostoevskiyfm.ru (2016). Date of treatment July 29, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Ruslan Grudtsinov. Moscow monuments that have changed their registration . Internet portal of the “Russian newspaper” (November 4, 2014). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Monument to Dostoevsky . KudaGo.com (2013). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ Ivanov-Natov, 1981 , p. 100-105.
- ↑ Ponomareva, 2002 .
- ↑ Shigareva Julia. The chaos of bronze freaks . Arguments and Facts (April 23, 2008). Date of treatment July 29, 2018.
- ↑ Moscow Architecture and Construction, 1988 , p. 3.
- ↑ The demolition of the monument to Lenin must not be allowed . Ava.md (April 19, 2012). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ Specialized Secondary Education, 1981 , p. 50.
- ↑ Literary Armenia, 1982 , p. 95.
- ↑ 1 2 Elena Shirokova. The birthday of Soviet monumental art . Museum of Entrepreneurs, Patrons and Philanthropists (2013). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Monument to F.M. Dostoevsky . Discover Moscow (2016). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ Gilyarovsky, 2008 , p. 256.
- ↑ Palaces, 2014 , p. 9.
- ↑ Tatyana Vorontsova. Giacomo Quarenghi trail and avant-garde architecture: the five main buildings of the Marina Grove . The official portal of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow (October 22, 2017). Date of treatment July 29, 2018.
- ↑ A.A. Aponovich. Dostoevsky. Memorable places . Municipal treasury institution of culture of the Ozyorsk city district “Centralized library system” (2016). Date of treatment July 29, 2018.
- ↑ Elmira Ashirova. For a short memory . The editors of the “Russian newspaper” (July 17, 2018). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ Monuments to Russian classics from Bolsheviks - “Russophobes” . Political party "Communist Party of the Russian Federation" (2016). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ Lunacharsky, 1921 , p. 204-211.
- ↑ Shalaeva, 2014 , p. 33.
- ↑ Kozhevnikov, 1983 .
- ↑ Pavlyuchenkov, 1986 , p. 92.
- ↑ Sytin, 2013 , p. 427.
- ↑ Narochnitsky, 1980 .
- ↑ Tatyana Vorontsova. Plan of Leninist monumental propaganda . Places.Moscow (2016). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ Sergey Bednov. The test of "Demons" . The editorial office of the newspaper Trud (May 27, 2014). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ Moscow Stalin, 2008 , p. 69.
- ↑ Andrey Shary. Philologist Dmitry Bak - on the anniversary of Fedor Dostoevsky . Radio Liberty (November 11, 2011). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ Glory to Taroshchin. Dostoevsky from grateful demons . Electronic periodical "Novaya Gazeta" (May 27, 2014). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ Galina Artemenko. PMD in the head and on the street . Publishing House "St. Petersburg News" (July 6, 2015). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ Chernyak, 2009 , p. 57.
- ↑ Kim Smirnov. I read the “Demons” by Dostoevsky. From a personal diary. . Electronic periodical "Novaya Gazeta" (June 5, 2014). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ Sergey Belov. From grateful demons . Russian folk line (October 18, 2013). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ Mitrofanov, 2018 , p. 280.
- ↑ Gorbunov, 2009 , p. 107.
- ↑ Tomashevsky, 1959 , p. 191.
- ↑ 1 2 Alexey Mitrofanov. Granite Vertinsky . Izvestia (May 26, 2002). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Okunev, 1990 .
- ↑ Schmidt, 1997 , p. 270.
- ↑ Vertinskaya, 2004 .
- ↑ Sturgeons, 1987 , p. 222.
- ↑ Shokarev, Vostryshev, 2018 , p. 256.
- ↑ Anna Larina. After the revolution . Tape.Ru (October 31, 2015). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ Dostoevsky with Pierrot's hands . The editors of the newspaper Trud (February 9, 2006). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
- ↑ Trifonov, 1956 , p. 227.
- ↑ Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR "On further improvement of the protection of cultural monuments in the RSFSR" No. 1327 . Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation (August 30, 1960). Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
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