Mashtakov, Nikolai Ivanovich

Nikolai Ivanovich Mashtakov was born on October 15 ( 27 ), 1889 in Moscow . His mother, Olympiad Evdokimovna , was the niece of a well-known entrepreneur, Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov , the founder of the factory of the Association of A.I. Abrikosov Sons (now the concern Babaevsky ). His father, Ivan Ivanovich , worked at this factory as a lawyer, was a member of the Moscow Bar Association ^[2] .

The Mashtakov family lived in a private house on Nikitsky Boulevard . In 1906, Nikolai Ivanovich graduated from the famous Sixth Moscow Gymnasium for Boys ^[3] . In 1913, Mashtakov graduated from the Medical Faculty of Moscow University. In 1930, the faculty separated from Moscow State University and became known as the 1st Moscow Medical Institute .

After graduating from the university, Nikolai Ivanovich Mashtakov went to work as a people's doctor for Kazan . On July 19, 1914, Germany declared war on Russia, and in the first half of August Mashtakov went to war. Nikolai Ivanovich was assigned to the German front, in the 158 mobile military hospital , where he worked as a surgical surgeon in the Krasnoyarsk Surgical Hospital ^[4] .

In 1920, Nikolai Ivanovich volunteered for the Red Army , and the new authorities immediately sent him to the South, where the final defeat of Wrangel's forces took place. In November 1921, when the main battles of the Civil War subsided, Mashtakova was recalled from military service to the reserve and was appointed chief doctor of the Sukhanovsky hospital (now Vidnoe ) ^[5] .

In 1924, the family finally moved to Podolsk , and Nikolai Ivanovich was assigned the task of organizing a surgical purulent department in the hospital with 20 beds. At first, Mashtakov worked as an intern at the surgical department, where he very quickly became head, and at times even replaced the head physician. Next to the surgeon Mashtakov were such doctors as: E. M. Kazarnovsky, surgeons B. I. Baklanov, and V. V. Semenov ^{[2] [6]} .

Since 1935, Nikolai Ivanovich became the permanent head of the first surgical department with 100 beds, and, concurrently, the chief doctor of the hospital. In parallel, he organized training courses for those who decided to devote themselves to medicine. In 1935, in the area of ​​today's Marmara Street, a school of nurses was opened, and Nikolai Ivanovich became one of those who graduated the first students; Now the medical school is located on Karavaev street. Mashtakov laid the foundations for the training of doctors at the Central City Clinical Hospital ^[6] , many of whom later worked successfully in Moscow clinics.

Also since 1935, Mashtakov was in charge of a branch of the Moscow Regional Clinical Institute. He was elected chairman of the scientific society of doctors in Podolsk. Since 1927, he was elected a member of the presidium of the city council, and since 1939 - a deputy. From 1932 to 1941 he was a member of the district committee of the Russian Red Cross Society (ROKK) , where he worked as a permanent chairman of public health and the chairman of an anti-cancer commission. He has written 26 scientific papers, he published in medical journals and collections (“Soviet Surgery”, “Gynecology and Obstetrics”, in MONICA collections) ^[7] .

In 1939, the Soviet-Finnish war began , and Mashtakova was appointed head of the hospital in the Island of the Pskov Region. In September 1941, all the Podolsk hospitals were combined into one powerful sorting evacuation hospital SEG-1857 with 2,000 beds. Nikolai Ivanovich was appointed head of the surgical department. Together with the hospital, as soon as the first bombing of the city began, the whole family moved to Moscow ^[8] .

He graduated from the war as a major , a military doctor of the 2nd rank ^[9] . On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, Nikolai Ivanovich was offered the post of Minister of Health of Latvia, but he refused a high post ^[10] .

In 1951, Mashtakov was awarded the highest state award, the Order of Lenin , for achievements in health care ^[9] .

According to the recollections of S. Mashtakov, published in the newspaper Podolsky Worker, Nikolai Ivanovich besides being a surgeon, he loved to draw, play the piano, and also was fascinated at that time by a rare sport — big tennis, he loved to plant flowers, grow strawberries and make jam ^[11] . In 1911, the future doctor met Vera Vasilyevna Stepanova, a student at the Moscow Conservatory. They were married on June 7 (20), 1913 in the village of Tsaritsyno, Moscow district .

In 1914, the daughter Lyudmila was born, and two years later - the daughter Marina. Twins were born in 1920, but they did not live long. Their younger daughter, Xenia, was born in 1923 ^[12] .

Lyudmila worked in the bacteriological laboratory and once, doing analyzes of planting for typhoid fever, cut her arm; in time, without giving it any importance, her health began to deteriorate rapidly. The invited doctors made a diagnosis of "tuberculosis", but then Mashtakov himself decided to make an examination and diagnosed typhoid fever. A month later, at the age of 26, Mashtakova’s daughter died. She left two small daughters - Valeria (who was taken by her father) and Irina (she stayed with her grandfather - Mashtakov N. I.) ^[13] .

Vera Vasilievna taught music and dancing to children. On holidays, while at home, Nikolai Ivanovich played the piano, which was preserved and is located in the Ivanovo estate of the city of Podolsk, and Vera Vasilyevna sang. A frequent guest of the Mashtakovs was Kruglikova Elena Dmitrievna , People's Artist of the RSFSR, soloist of the Bolshoi Theater. She herself was from Podolsk, and therefore, she and her husband often visited Vira Vasilievna, her friend ^[14] . Before the war, Vera Vasilievna worked first at school No. 2 (later No. 5), after returning from Kaluga at school No. 1, and then, when they moved to Revprospekt, at school No. 6.

After the death of Mashtakov Nikolai Ivanovich, Vera Vasilyevna lived another 13 years (until March 17, 1963). According to the recollections of Nikolai Ivanovich (Irina )’s granddaughter Mashatkov: “On the night of Vera Vasilyevna’s death, for the first time during the existence of the piano, his deck cracked.” Vera Vasilyevna was buried next to her husband ^[15] .

In the spring of 1943, in Nikolai Ivanovich's Kaluga, tuberculosis worsened. Mashtakov failed to recover, and in December he was demobilized due to the open form of the disease, having transferred to the II World War Group invalids. The family returned to Podolsk . Despite feeling unwell, Nikolai Ivanovich did not stop working. He operated a lot, worked as the chief doctor and head of the surgical department, and the chief surgeon-consultant for the city ^[16] , as well as a consultant for all the first-aid posts that appeared at the plants.

In the summer of 1951, Nikolai Ivanovich was already fatally ill, his lungs were almost completely burnt from tuberculosis , but he was able to carry out his last operation, which lasted six hours. After the operation, Nikolai Ivanovich became ill. He was sent to a tuberculosis sanatorium, where for some time he felt better. However, on September 8, Nikolai Ivanovich Mashtakov died ^[17] .

The “people's doctor” was accompanied by thousands of Podolchan. The coffin was carried on arms from the Lepse Palace of Culture to the Red Hill itself ^[18] .

According to Semyon Mashtakov, published in the Podolsky Worker newspaper, the surname of the Mashtakov family in the city of Podolsk is well known, and the main merit in this belongs to Nikolai Ivanovich Mashtakov ^[11] . He devoted his entire life to saving people and spent the last operation, saving a person literally half an hour before his own death ^[2] .

Mashtakov Nikolai Ivanovich, much was done for the Central Clinical Hospital of Podolsk: most of the equipment he was getting out of, due to which Podolskaya hospital was one of the most equipped for that period. In particular, thanks to the efforts of Nikolai Ivanovich, in 1927 the hospital received the first X-ray machine ^[19] .

The collection of documents related to the life and work of N. I. Mashtakov, which has survived to our days, and his personal belongings are kept in a museum at the Central Clinical Hospital of Podolsk. Photographs and documents from the Mashtakovs personal archive are also in the local history museum. In 2009, one of the evenings with an exhibition dedicated to the 120th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai Ivanovich ^{[20] was} held in Podolsk in the “October” recreation center.

For making a significant contribution to the development of medicine, in 1952 a small new street in the city of Podolsk was given the name of Mashtakov and a memorial plaque was installed at a military hospital located on Mashtakova Street ^[21] . And in 2016, a memorial plaque was installed at the entrance of the surgical department of the central city Podolsk hospital, where Nikolai Ivanovich Mashtakov himself once worked.

• In 1942, Mashtakov received the Order of the Red Star for his selfless work to save the lives of the soldiers of the Soviet army ^[9] , in the same year he was awarded the title of Honored Doctor of the RSFSR .
• In 1944, based on the materials of the frontal sorting hospital, Mashatkov N.I. the dissertation “Secondary bleeding” was written, he defended it and became a candidate of medical sciences.
• In 1951, Mashtakov was awarded the highest state award, the Order of Lenin , for achievements in health care ^[9] .

In addition, he had the medals "For the Defense of Moscow" ^[9] , " For Victory over Germany ", " For Valiant Labor ".

• Mashtakov NI. The case of a non-parasitic spleen cyst // Surgery. - All-Union Book Chamber , 1940. - p . 136-7 . - ISSN 0023-1207 .
• Mashtakov NI. The case of the ehimococcus of the wide ligament of the uterus // Gynecology and Obstetrics. - M .: Medgiz , 1932. - P. 44-45 . - ISSN 0300-9092 .
• Mashtakov N. I. Archives of pathologies // Surgery. - M .: Medicine , 1940. - T. 26 , № 11 . - p . 226 . - ISSN 0004-1955 .

• Karandyuk K. I., Smirnova E. V., Mashtakova L. A. A surgeon with a musical soul / A. A. Agafonov . - 1st ed. - Podolsk: Podolsk Offset Printing Factory OJSC, 2015. - 120 p. - 1000 copies - ISBN 978-5-7151-0418-2 .

• Pankov D.V., Pankov D.D. Podvy Podolsk cadets . - M: Moscow Worker, 1986. - p . 200 .

• Vigilant heart (about Nikolai Ivanovich Mashtakov - the famous Podolsk surgeon) // Yu. Kozlovsky One day to return. - Podolsk, 2002. - p. 175-197.

• “Centralized Library System of Podolsk” (Neopr.) .
• A book was published about the famous Podolsk doctor N. I. Mashtakov (Neopr.) . The press service of the administration of the city district Podolsk.