Deshalyt, Efim Isaakovich

In 1943 he graduated from the All-Russian State Institute of Cinematography as a film production designer. At the studio Mosnauchfilm created a visual series in more than twenty popular science films .

Since 1955, he has been creating dioramas and panoramas for museums and exhibitions, including Soviet national exhibitions abroad and international fairs. The first experiments of Yefim Deshalyt were still small dioramas for the pavilions of the Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy of the USSR .

In total, the collectives led by Yefim Deshalyt created at least 83 subject-picturesque compositions on various topics ^[1] , primarily historical and battle ones. Photos of some of them are collected in the author’s album of E. I. Deshalyt "Panoramas of the Motherland", released in 1979 by the publishing house "Visual Arts" .

He was buried at the Don cemetery .

The most magnificent subject-picturesque composition of Yefim Deshalyt was the famous diorama " Moscow is the capital of the USSR ", created in 1977 for an exhibition dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the October Revolution in Los Angeles. A model of the center of Moscow , observed from the Kremlin Embankment , on a scale of 1:75, has a total area of ​​pictorial and subject parts of more than 300 square meters, equipped with lighting effects and sound effects. A collapsible diorama traveled around the United States of America , several European countries, was exhibited at the Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy. It is currently located in the lobby of the Ukraine Hotel in Moscow ^[2] .

Other major dioramas

• " Heroic Red Presnya ", 1955 (reconstructed by the author in 1977-1982), - Historical and Memorial Museum "Presnya" ^[3] .
• " Storming the Winter Palace ", 1957, - The State Central Museum of Contemporary History of Russia ^[4] . Currently, the diorama has been removed from the exhibition and is stored in the museum.
• "Old and New Yerevan " for the pavilion of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition "Armenian SSR", 1958. The diorama received a flattering assessment of the People's Artist of Armenia Martiros Saryan ^[5] .
• “ Fights for Bagration’s Flushes ”, 1962, - Borodino Museum-Reserve ^[6] .
• “The liberation of Krivoy Rog from the Nazi invaders ” (February 22, 1944), 1968 - Kryvyi Rih Museum of Local History , now in Ukraine ^[7] .
• “The heroic defense of Old Ryazan from the Mongol-Tatar troops in 1237 ”, 1969 - Ryazan historical and architectural museum-reserve “ Ryazan Kremlin ”.
• two dioramas " Simbirsk of 1870" (Streletskaya street and Moskovskaya street), 1970, - the Ulyanovsk Museum-Memorial of V.I. Lenin .
• “The assault of Vladimir by the army of Khan Batu on February 7, 1238 ”, 1972, - Vladimir-Suzdal Museum-Reserve , military-historical exposition at the Golden Gate ^[8] .
• “ The last battle of Chapaev ”, 1973, - Ural Museum of Local Lore , now in Kazakhstan.
• “The general strike of the Ivano-Ascension workers in May 1905 ”, 1975 - the Ivanovo Regional Museum of Local Lore ^[9] . Currently dismantled.
• Victory near Moscow , 1981, was exhibited at an exhibition in the Moscow Manege dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the battle.
• " Theater Square of the 70s of the XIX century", 1986, - House-Museum of M. N. Ermolova .
• " The Battle for Maloyaroslavets in October 1812 ", 1987, - the Maloyaroslavets Military History Museum of 1812 ^[10] .

A number of small natural-landscape diorama compositions created under the direction of E. I. Deshalyt for the K. A. Timiryazev Biological Museum in Moscow are interesting: as a general plan - “ Bird Market ”, “ Mixed Forest ”, “ Sand Desert ” ^{[11 ]} , and chamber (" Grouse current "). To create them, museum staff traveled to nature reserves of the corresponding climatic zone, including the Barents Sea and the Karakum desert.

Unfortunately, a number of the artist’s grandiose plans remained unfulfilled: “ Storming the Moscow Kremlin in 1917 ”, “ Heroic feat of the 13th border post under the command of Lieutenant A.V. Lopatin in June-July 1941 "for the Museum of the Border Troops ," Defense of the Brest Fortress "for the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War in Moscow ^[1] .

The work of Efim Deshalyt is characterized by the increased role of the subject part of the diorama, the presence in its composition of many human figures. When creating large-scale works, the artist studied archival documents, accurately reproducing the landscape (often very changed by the time the work was created), uniforms, equipment of participants, and even weather on the day of the historical event ^[3] . Clothing on the growth figures was specially sewn and processed so as not to look new ^[12] . Being a production designer of films, Deshalyt became a pioneer in the field of sound (text and music) and light-dynamic accompaniment to dioramas ^[1] .

Efim Deshalyt is the author of many paintings : still lifes , portraits . The sketches created by the artist for the picturesque part of the dioramas were often full-fledged paintings on the same subject ^[13] . At the same time, Deshalyt traveled extensively throughout the Soviet Union and European countries, creating classic landscapes . In the Moscow landscapes, the artist’s brushes capture many of the now-unsettled corners and buildings of the capital’s center. Critics note the accuracy of urban views, combined, nevertheless, with the ability to display the “spirit of bygone time”, the subtlety of the coloristic decision of the paintings ^[14] .

• Diorama as it is. To the 90th anniversary of E.I. Deshalyt. (Russian) // Railway Business: journal. - 2011. - No. 1 (64) .

• Face of Russia. Deshalyt Efim Isaakovich. (inaccessible link)
• Gallery Art Helikon. Artist Efim Isaakovich Deshalyt.