The Treaty of Angers ( Angers Treaty ; French traité d'Angers ) is a peace treaty concluded in September or October 851 in Angers by the King of the West Frankish State Charles II Lysy and the ruler of Brittany Erispoe . The treaty is the final act of the Franco-Breton war of 841–851.
Content
Background
The cause of the war of 841–851 was the serious controversy between the ruler of the Western Franks Charles II Lysy and his vassals, the Breton dukes of Nominoe and Erispoe . The king wanted to establish complete control over the territory of Brittany, and the dukes wanted to gain independence from the monarch of the West Frankish state [1] [2] [3] .
Despite the victory in the battle of Mesak , the course of the war was unfavorable for Charles II the Lysy, whose military leaders suffered several major defeats from the Breton forces: in 843 under Blen (4) , in 845 under Ballon [5] and in 853 under Zhenglan [6] . In the last of these battles, which took place on the 20th of August, the ruler of the West Frankish kingdom personally participated [7] [8] .
Contract
The heavy defeat inflicted on the Franks by Jenglan caused Charles II the Bald to enter into negotiations with Erispoe. The meeting of the two rulers took place in September or October 851 in Angers [7] [8] [9] .
The Bertin Annals and the Nantes Chronicle report that Charles II the Bald, after the conclusion of the peace, transferred Erispoe the symbols of royal power, which gave him the right to accept the title of monarch of Brittany . It is assumed that this ceremony was to demonstrate the claims of the ruler of the West Frankish state to an even greater status than he already had, that is, to the imperial. In fact, although Erispoe formally recognized himself as subordinate to Charles II the Lysom, in fact, he received complete independence in the management of the territories under his control [3] [7] .
Moreover, under an agreement in Angers, Erispoe also received vast territories with the cities of Rennes , Nantes and , which were previously part of the Breton brand [2] [3] [7] [8] . The boundary established by the world in Angers between the lands of the Bretons and Franks for many centuries has become the border of Brittany [6] [8] .
As a retaliatory gesture, Erispoe, at the request of Charles II Lysy, allowed Bishop Nantes [10] to return to his department .
Consequences
The alliance between Charles II Lysy and Erispoe was again confirmed in 856 at a meeting in Louvier , at which the son of the ruler of the Franks, Louis Zaika, was engaged to the daughter of the Breton king [8] [11] .
The peace concluded in Angers between the rulers of the West Frankish kingdom and Brittany lasted until 858, when the new Breton king Salomon resumed hostilities against the Franks [8] [12] [13] .
Notes
- ↑ Smith JMH, 1992 , p. 60–61 & 86–87.
- ↑ 1 2 Theis L. Carolingian Legacy. - M .: Scarab, 1993. - S. 46-47. - ISBN 5-86507-043-6 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 History of Brittany. Chapter 1. The birth of a nation . Planet Brittany. Date of appeal May 14, 2017.
- ↑ Smith JMH, 1992 , p. 92-94.
- ↑ Smith JMH, 1992 , p. 96–97.
- ↑ 1 2 Smith JMH, 1992 , p. 98-100.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 The annals of St-Bertin / Nelson JL - Manchester: Manchester University Press ND, 1991 .-- P. 73. - ISBN 978-0719034251 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cassard J.-Ch. Les Bretons de Nominoë . - Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2003 .-- P. 59-85. - ISBN 978-2-8684-7776-7 .
- ↑ Bertin Annals (year 851); Angouleme Annals (year 851); Reginon Prjumsky . Chronicle (year 860); Nantes Chronicle (chapter 13); Ademar Shabansky . Chronicon (Book III, Chapter 18).
- ↑ Nelson JL Charles The Bald . - New York: Routledge, 2013 .-- P. 166. - ISBN 978-1-3178-9957-0 .
- ↑ Smith JMH, 1992 , p. 102-103 & 110-112.
- ↑ Smith JMH, 1992 , p. 103-106.
- ↑ Favre E. Ed, Count of Paris and King of France (882–898). - SPb. : Eurasia , 2016 .-- S. 25-30. - ISBN 978-5-91852-154-0 .
Literature
- Merlet R. Guerres d'Indépendance de la Bretagne sous Nominoé et Érispoè (841-851). - Vannes: Lafolye, 1891. - 27 p.
- Smith JMH Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians . - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992 .-- 238 p. - ISBN 0-521-38285-8 .