Heater , also thermophore - a device for warming a part of the body with dry heat in order to heat and prevent overcooling , or for local heat therapy ; a small device for heating a room [1] [2] [3] can also be called a heater.
The most common types of heating pads are hermetically sealed rubber containers filled with hot water, electric (electrothermal) heating pads, chemical heating pads [1] .
In ancient times, various containers were used as heating pads (leather bags, bull bubbles, clay and copper vessels) with hot water or with loose substances (cereals, bran, salt, sand, ash), as well as heated objects (for example, stones, bricks or irons). Such home-made heating pads continue to be used now in home life. Poultices in the form of flaxseed cakes or flour can also be considered as heating pads [4] .
Content
Medical Warmers
Hot-water bottles have been used for treatment since the time of Hippocrates . They cause smooth muscle relaxation and active hyperemia , due to which they have analgesic, absorbable and trophic effects, and the heating pad indirectly affects those organs whose autonomic nerves come from the same segment of the spinal cord into which the sensitive nerves of the heated skin area enter [4] . The absorbable effect depends primarily on the duration of the procedure, and to a lesser extent on the temperature of the heating pad [5] .
A heating pad is used as a first aid for hypothermia. Hot water bottle, acting with dry heat, can help with chronic inflammatory processes, the effects of injuries. However, the use of a heating pad in acute inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity (for example, acute appendicitis , acute cholecystitis ), as well as in case of skin injuries, bruises (on the first day), can cause complications. The use of a heating pad for abdominal pain of unknown origin is not recommended [6] .
Chemical Warmers
Chemical heating pads are widely used in the field. Chemical heating pads can generate heat during an exothermic reaction of the components contained inside - for example, a catalytic heating pad, or during a phase transition - for example, a salt heating pad.
Various types of small (pocket) chemical heating pads have been known since World War I , where they were used in the US and British armies to heat soldiers in trenches. In the USSR, chemical warmers for the army have been used since the Soviet-Finnish war , primarily to heat the wounded during their evacuation [7] . In most heaters, heat generation was achieved by oxidizing the metal powders contained in the heating pad added by water.
At present, chemical heating pads are widely used for individual heating of a person in the field: on a camping trip, fishing, hunting, in conditions associated with working outdoors, in winter sports, and so on. The Soviet industry produced a catalytic gas heater GK-1, which, when fully charged, could generate heat for 8-14 hours with temperatures up to 60 Β° C, that is, at the level of a pain threshold. The operating time of a chemical heating pad at one gas station, as a rule, is 6-8 hours.
Bed warmers
Some types of hot- water bottles (hot- water bottles , roasting pan, German BettwΓ€rmer , obsolete. " Heater " [8] ) were widely used earlier for heating the bed; such heating pads were made of metal or ceramic in the form of a container with a lid on the length of the handle, filling them with coals and ash, and the handle was used to move the heating pad in bed - for uniform heating. Currently, the function of the heating pad for the bed has moved to electric sheets and electric blankets .
See also
- Kanger - Kashmiri traditional hot-water bottle
Notes
- β 1 2 Hot - water bottle - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- β Hot-water bottle // Ozhegova's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N. Yu. Shvedova. 1949-1992.
- β Hot-water bottle // Explanatory dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935-1940.
- β 1 2 Stotsik, 1929 .
- β Hot-water bottle // First aid - a popular encyclopedia. - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia. V.I. Pokrovsky. 1994
- β Hot water bottles // Small Medical Encyclopedia. - M.: Medical Encyclopedia. 1991β96
- β E. I. Smirnov βTragedy on the Karelian Isthmusβ // Frontal mercy. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1991.
- β Heater // Dictionary of the Russian language of the XVIII century, Science, 2003 - v. 13 - p. 159
Literature
- Gorbachev I. Hydro- and thermotherapy // Physiotherapy praktich. doctor / S. B. Vermel . - M .: ed., 1928.
- H. Stocik. Hot-water bottles // Big Medical Encyclopedia . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1929.
- Hot-water bottle medical // Brief Encyclopedia of Household / Ed. A.I. Revina . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1960. - T. 1. - P. 149. - 770 p.
Links
- Chemical heating pad - site of the Military Medical Museum