Rassi (Shilovsky district)

The village of Ryassa is located on the Oksko-Don plain on the Alenka River, 23.5 km west of the town of Shilovo . The distance from the village to the regional center of Shilovo by road is 32 km.

To the north of the village is a large Laski ravine , along the bottom of which a stream flows, and tracts that were formerly settlements - Sterligovo, Ryassky Vyselki and Yeremeyevka. The nearest settlements are the villages of Debra , Sloboda , Frolovo , as well as the villages of Polyanka, Odoevtsevo and Shatilovo ( Spassky district ).

According to the 2010 census, 49 people are permanently living in the village of Ryassi. (in 1992 - 125 people ^[2] ).

The village of Ryassa is located on the banks of the Alenka River, which divides it in approximately half. Accordingly, on the high bank of the river “Upper Rassy” were located , and on the low-lying - “Lower Rassy” . That is, the first component of the toponym ("Upper", "Lower") indicated the location of the village relative to the river. The second component (“Cassocks”) was formed by the name of a small rivulet, the tributary of the Alyonka River, which flows through the village and often dries up in the summer. Ryas hydronym is related to the Ryazan dialect word " cassock " in the meaning "dirty, viscous, marshy swampy area in summer with bald patches on a dried and cracked mud crust."

Despite the presence of two toponyms (“Upper” and “Lower”), in documents dating back to the second half of the 18th century. the village was most often referred to as the Upper Cassocks or simply Cassocks - by the name of that part of it where the village temple was located. Subsequently, in the final version, the name of the village received registration in the form of a Rassa. ^[3]

On the northern outskirts of the village of Ryassa and 0.6 km north of it, the remains of two ancient Russian settlements of the 12th – 13th and 13th – 15th centuries were discovered. ^[four]

The modern village of Ryassa has arisen as a result of the merger of two settlements located on different banks of the Alenki River: the villages of Upper Ryas and the villages of Lower Ryas. The village of Verkhnyaya Ryasy was first mentioned in 1520 in the “Granted Confirmation of Accusation against this Bailiff and Preserved Diploma” issued by the Grand Duke Vasily III Ivanovich Igumen Terekhov of the Voskresensky Monastery to his possessions - the village of Terekhovskoye, Selivanovsky and Upper Rye Alexandrovsky with repair, land and half of the Shilovsky wash in the Staroryazan camp on the Meshchersky side in Ryazan district . ^[five]

In 1636, scribe and boundary books by Vorontsov-Velyaminov and clerk Yuri Sudnikov, the following description of the village of Verkhny Ryasy is preserved:

“The village of Upper Ryas, on a river on Ryas, and in it the church of the World Exaltation of the Holy Cross and St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, are Kletsky woods, and in the churches there are images and books and vestments and bells and every church building of priests and parish people, and on church ground: the court of pop Eustafei, the courtyard of the pop Ignatius, the courtyard of the clerks Grishka Dmitriev, the courtyard of the Irenitsa mallow, and the 2 cells of the poor - a feeder about the church of God. Arable land arable church good lands 20 chety in the field, and in two heirs, hay along the margin and at the top 40 kopecks.

The village of Upper Ryas on the estates is written for the steward for Grigory Gavrilov’s son Pushkin, for Ivan Zakharov’s son Lyapunov, and for the clerks: for Maxim Matyushkin, yes for Maxim Chirkov, and for Ondrei Lystsov, and for Prince Peter Dulov ... And all for Pushkin 2 peasant, and there are 8 people in them, 5 yard places; behind Ivan Zakharov Lyapunov there are 2 peasant households, and there are 17 people in them, 2 Bobyl households, and 11 people in them, 3 uncultivated households, and 11 people in them and 3 empty houses; after Diak Maxim Grigoryev Matyushkin there are 4 peasant households, and there are 29 people in them, 2 Bobyl households, and 9 people in them, 1 yard is empty; behind clerk Maxim Fomin Chirkov there are 4 peasant households, and there are 25 people in them, 2 Bobyl households, and 10 people in them, 2 empty houses; behind Ondrei Ivanov’s son Lystsov, 1 Bobyl’s yard, and there are 6 people in it and 2 yards empty . ” ^[6]

The document shows that at the beginning of the XVII century. The village of Verkhny Ryas was owned and owned in shares ("foals") by 5 landowners, the most famous of which were the Pushkins and Lyapunovs . According to the salary books of 1676, in the village of Verkhnyaya Ryasy there was already only one St. Nicholas Church, at which

“The courtyard of the priest Fedot, the courtyard of the priest Ivan, 3 courtyards of the clerks, the courtyard of Ponomars. Church arable land of 20 quarters in the field, in two heirs, the church had 50 kopecks of hay. And according to the priests of Ivan da Fedot, those mowing grounds were empty churches the land of the Introduction of the Most Holy Theotokos that was on the river on the Vorg, the summer cottages of Prokofya Sobolev, and now Evo Prokofiev’s estate is owned by the attorney Nazarev Chevkin, and in the name of the empty churches Introduction The Most Holy Theotokos was built by Nazarey Chevkin in his church in the village of Muratovo again, and those hayfields from them went to that newly-built church in the village of Muratov.

In the parish of that church in the village of Ryasakh and in the pink villages - in Frolov, in Gramakov, in Sloboda, in Cherneev, in Sterlegov, and in them there are 14 pink landowners, a yard of landowners, and a backyard servant, peasant 101 yard, lives in it Bobyl 18 yards. " ^[6]

Around the same time, in the second half of the 17th century, the first written references to the village of Nizhny Ryasi appeared on the opposite, low (hence the name) bank of the Alenka River. In the salary books for 1676, when describing the Vvedensky church in the village of Muratov , owned by the landowner Nazariy Chevkin , it is noted that in the parish of that church is the village of Nizhny Ryasi, in which there were 5 peasant households.

Thus, the Upper and Lower Rieses were initially divided not only by the river, but also by their status (Upper Räsy - a village , Lower Räsy - a village ), and different parishes (in the Upper Ryas own Nikolskaya church, Lower Ryas belonged to the parish of the Vvedensky church in the village of Muratovo), and finally, belonging to different owners. When the merger of both settlements occurred is not known for certain, but already in the second half of the 18th century. they were not separated in the documents, and the name of the village was spelled "Cassocks, Upper Cassocks identity."

In 1735, during the St. Nicholas Church in the village of Verkhny Ryasa, 20 were four. land, with 2 priests, clerks and sexton, and 124 parish courtyards.

By this time, the old wooden Nikolskaya church had deteriorated significantly, and in 1761 a petition was filed for the construction of a stone temple instead. Construction was carried out at the expense of local landowners and for a long enough time: only in 1774 the side churches of Nikolsky and Kazan were consecrated in the new church, and the main one, the Exaltation of the throne, was consecrated in 1798. Significant donations to the church of the village of Upper Ryas were made by local landlords Sterligov and Izmailov . ^[6]

Lack of land forced residents of a rapidly growing village to move to other places. Part of the immigrants in the middle of the XIX century. formed the village of Ryasskie Vyselki, others at the beginning of the 20th century. founded the village of Torzhok, now defunct. In the "Collection of Statistical Information" for 1890 it is noted:

"WITH. Cassocks, Upper Cassocks identity, located on level ground near a shallow river. Duckweed, which almost dries up during the hot summer. " ^[7]

In 1875, the Zemstvo parish school was opened in the Upper Rassi, and in 1911 a new stone building was built for it. ^[7]

By 1891, according to I.V. Dobrolyubov , in the parish of the Vozdvizhensky church in the village of Verkhny Ryasy, in addition to the village itself, which had 70 peasant households, there were the villages of Argamakova (42 yards), Sterligov (48 yards), Frolov (62 yards) ), Sloboda (38 yards), Ryassky Vyselki (14 yards) and Yeremeyev (6 yards), in which only 1075 male souls and 1131 female souls lived. ^[6]

Until 1917, a remnant of its former belonging to different owners was preserved in the village of Upper Ryas: there were 2 rural societies - Ryass and Ryass Avdonkovo. In total, by 1906 there were 75 courtyards with 626 inhabitants.

In October 1917, residents of the village of Ryassa at meetings rally actively supported the implementation of revolutionary transformations in the country. And on January 2, 1918, at a joint meeting of the Council of Peasant Deputies and Zemsky Vowels of the Ryas volost, everyone unanimously voted for the transfer of power to the Council and the abolition of the Zemstvo. ^[eight]

In the 1930s in Ryassi the collective farm “Victory of October” was created. The Exaltation Church was closed, its building was used as a collective farm warehouse, and in the 1950s. it was completely destroyed.

• The estate of the Izmaylov noblemen, XIX century The preservation is average: the manor house with outbuildings, orchards, a regular lime park, lordly ponds has been preserved.

• Pavel Ivanovich Bunyashin (1902 + 1983) - Soviet military leader, major general (1943).
• Vladimir Grigorievich Petropavlovsky (born 1946) is a prose writer and a member of the Union of Writers of the Russian Federation.

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  Bunyashin Pavel Ivanovich (1902 - 1983).