Pastoral settlement - a settlement in the Smelyansky district of the Cherkasy region of Ukraine .
| Hillfort | |
| Pastoral settlement | |
|---|---|
 Excavations at the Pastoral settlement, summer 2017 | |
| A country |  Ukraine |
| Region | Cherkasy |
| Status | Archaeological site |
The pastoral settlement is located 3 km west of the village of Pastoral on the territory of the Svinolupovka farm. The Sukhoi Tashlyk River Valley (a tributary of Tyasmin ) is a narrower left-bank part of the settlement with an area of approx. 5 ha is separated from the right-bank part of the settlement by an area of approx. 15 ha. The lower layers of the settlement, where 2 stages of the construction of fortifications are traced - VII-VI centuries BC. e. and IV — III centuries BC e., belong to the Scythian archaeological culture.
The pastoral settlement arose in the second half or the end of the 7th century as a multi-ethnic settlement on the territory of Penkovsky culture . The pastoral settlement was a large trade and craft [1] and, possibly, a political center, where there were immigrants from Podunavye and representatives of the East Slavic population close to the bearers of the onion-Raykovets culture [2] .
In the early Middle Ages, the left-bank part of the settlement was inhabited mainly [2] . The population used fortifications dating back to the Scythian time (ditches, ramparts) without renewing them. On the territory of the settlement there were iron smelting workshops, a forge, and a community granary [3] . The remains of half-dwelling and ground-type dwellings are discovered, dishes made on the potter’s wheel, tools (sickles, scythes, etc.), bronze and silver jewelry [4] . Pastoral earrings were found in settlements in Grigorovka and Zelenka and in the Kharyevsky treasure (Sumy region) [5] . The pastoral settlement and other archaeological sites (the settlement of Bzheclav-Pogansko and the treasure from Zemyansky Vrbovka in Krupin (Slovakia), treasures from the Middle Sub-Dniester and the Middle Dnieper, etc.) are evidence of the Slavs moving from the territory of the Danube after Protolgar Khan Asparuh came to the Balkans in 679 680 years. Perhaps it was this outcome of the descendants of the Ants that became the basis of the story of the chronicler Nestor about the Danube ancestral home of the Slavs [6] .
At the turn of the 7th - 8th centuries, a settlement on the site of Kiev , in comparison with the synchronous Pastoral settlement, was ordinary in terms of socio-economic development and could not be a "tribal center", however, as in the subsequent Volynets period [7] .
Apparently, the Pastoral settlement was defeated by the Khazars in the first half of the VIII century [8] . With the defeat of the Pastoral settlement and with the deep penetration of nomadic carriers of the Pereshchepin culture into the forest-steppe, reaching the Kiev region, the Kiev treasure , found in 1892, is associated [9] .
See also
- History of Kiev
- Ancient Slavs
Notes
- ↑ Slavic archaeological cultures of eastern Europe I-thousand n e.
- ↑ 1 2 Gavritukhin I.O. Pastoral settlement
- ↑ Sagaidak M.A. (with the participation of V.V. Murasheva, V. Ya. Petrukhin). On the history of city formation on the territory of ancient Russia, VI - the first half of the XI century // History of Russian art: in 22 tons; open ed. A.I. Komech. - M.: Sev. pilgrim, 2007. - T. 1: The Art of Kievan Rus. - S. 81-108.
- ↑ Titenko G.T. Rozkopki memorials of the Scythian hour on the Pastirsky settlement, in the book: Archaeological memorials of the URSR, vol. 6, K., 1956.
- ↑ Valentin Sedov . Slavs. Historical and archaeological research. Migration of Slavs from the Danube region. M .: Languages of Slavic culture, 2002.
- ↑ Prikhodnyuk O.M. Pastirske hillfort. - Kyiv-Chernivtsi, 2005.
- ↑ Komar A.V. Russia in the 9th-10th centuries: Archaeological panorama // Kiev and the Right-Bank Dnieper / N. A. Makarov. - Moscow, Vologda: Antiquities of the North, 2012 .-- S. 301-324.
- ↑ Archeology: Textbook / Edited by Academician V.L. Ioannina. - M.: Publishing House Mosk. University, 2006 .-- 608 p.
- ↑ Komar A.V. On the discussion of the origin and early phases of the history of Kiev // Almanac of History and Archaeological Studies of Europe Ruthenica, 2005.