Mine hoist

The appearance of the first mine hoisting machine should be attributed to the moment of mining . The first mine lifting devices had a primitive construction in the form of a wooden gate with a vertically or horizontally located drum, driven by the muscular power of people or animals, and later by hydraulic energy .

With the advent of steam engines, the mine lifting machine undergoes a radical change, achieving a high degree of technical excellence. However, already in 1891, the first electric hoisting machine was installed, marking a new era in the development of mine hoisting machines. The improvement of electric hoisting machines has been particularly intensified since the beginning of the 20th century and continues to this day.

Mine hoist installations distinguish between:

1. By appointment:
   • main ones (for lifting minerals, as well as rocks to the surface);
   • auxiliary (for lifting and lowering people and various loads);
   • sinking (during sinking and deepening of mine shafts);
   • inspector or emergency (for revision of the barrel and lifting people in emergency cases).
2. By type of lifting vessels - cage, skip and tub.
3. To balance the weight of the hoisting ropes:
   • unbalanced system
   • statically balanced and
   • dynamically balanced.
4. By type of winding rope winding organs:
   • with a constant winding radius (cylindrical drums, friction pulleys) and
   • with a variable radius of winding (bicylindroconic drums).

Electric motors with power up to 5000 kW and more are used on lifting machines. Asynchronous AC motors are widely used on skip hoists with power up to 1800–2000 kW and in cage hoists with power up to 800–1000 kW. At higher lifting powers, DC motors are usually used.

When lifting goods, the maximum speed is technically and economically rational, as a rule, up to 20 m / s, while lifting people - up to 12 m / s.

Multi-rope hoisting machines occupy a special group among mine hoist installations.

Multi-rope hoisting machines, as well as single-rope hoisting machines with friction pulleys, are based on the principle of using friction forces developing between the ropes and the lining of the driving pulleys. The difference lies in the fact that in single-rope lifting installations with friction pulleys, the lifting vessels are attached to one rope thrown over the friction pulley of the lifting machine, and in multi-rope installations to several ropes thrown across the general multi-belt friction pulley.

The use of several ropes instead of one leads to a significant reduction in the diameter of the drive pulley of the machine, to simplify or completely eliminate the gearboxes , the total weight of the machine, and therefore the cost, is also reduced.

Multi-rope machines are used for two-skip or two-cage hoists, as well as for single-vessel hoists with a counterweight, used, in particular, while servicing several horizons . At the same time, the automation scheme is simplified, the influence of rope drawing on the work of lifting is reduced, and the margin for skidding the ropes along drive pulleys is increased, which is especially important for shafts of small depth. Multi-rope machines distinguish between a tower (with installation on tower towers built directly above the shafts of mines), or ground-based execution. With a tower installation, the area required for the placement of overhead structures is significantly reduced and reliable year-round operation of the machines is ensured. Multi-rope ground machines reduce capital costs during new construction by using mowing metal hammers instead of reinforced concrete towers and reducing surface building buildings and foundations due to the abandonment of the use of large-capacity and heavy-duty drum hoisting machines with increased dimensions and weight.

Multi-rope hoisting machines are most widely used in Ukraine , Russia , Sweden , Germany , England , Canada and South Africa . The technical characteristics and arrangement of machines in different countries vary significantly. Some individual multi-rope hoisting machines have original units and layout, taking into account the specific features of a particular mine.

• Elanchik G.M., Mining ascent, M., 1932;
• Tulin V.S., Electric drive and automation of multi-rope mine hoisting machines, M., 1964;
• Elanchik G.M., Kinematics of a mine lift, M., 1969;
• Elanchik G. M., the Choice of optimal parameters of the designed mine installations with DC motors, M., 1971;
• Fedorova Z.M., Lukin I.F., Nesterov A.P., Lifts, K., 1976;
• Naydenko I.S., Belyi V.D. Mine multi-rope hoist installations. Ed. 2, rev. and add. M., Nedra, 1979.

• Mine lifting installation