Gefäss ( German Gefäss ) is a part of bladed cold steel consisting of a guard and a handle with a top. A lanyard can be attached to the hilt (as an element of the uniform ), as well as various prize badges (for example, “For Fencing Combat”) and award signs (for example, the 4th degree order of Saint Anne ).
The hilt can be open (the fingers are protected only by the crosspiece, or are not protected by anything) or closed (one or several handles connecting the base of the handle with the topping, protect the fingers). If the bow (or arms) do not reach the top, then the hilt is called half open. A closed or semi-open hilt with additional arms and other elements is complex (or developed) [1] .
Content
Head ("apple")
The head of the handle performs two functions: it serves as a counterweight, improving the balance of the weapon (therefore it is often made of heavy material (for example, lead ), and also keeps the hand from slipping (for example, under the influence of centrifugal force arising from the application of cuts, the weapon can " break out, "especially if the fighter is weak from fatigue or injured.) Also thanks to this part, a handle of any material is attached to the blade shank. Gems were sometimes inserted into the" apples ".
Historically there were two main forms of the pommel: the Slavic-Germanic (semi-oval) and the Roman (round).
A. Ephesus (handle) ( Kryzh )
Details B , C , D , E do not belong to the hilt [2]
1 . Head ( back )
2 Cheren ( handle )
3 Crosshair
4 Cross ( garda, flint )
Details 5 - 10 do not belong to the hilt [3]
Handle (“black”)
The handle serves to hold the weapon, mounted on the tongue [4] . Usually made of wood or metal, which is often covered with leather or other rough material to increase friction (to avoid slippage of the handle). From the second half of the 19th century , rubber began to be used for this purpose. Sometimes the handle was additionally wrapped with a rope.
The handle could be for one hand or for two [5] . Sometimes a ring was attached to it to hold the weapon in a horizontal plane.
Garda
Garda, like the handle, is mounted on the tongue [4] and is designed to protect the hand from the enemy's weapons. In the early weapons guard did not exist at all. It appeared as the development of fencing, when there was a need for a more convenient and safe parry of enemy strikes. The first versions of the guard were a crosshair — a bar, perpendicular to the blade and handle, and located in the same plane, or a small disk mounted between the blade and the handle. In the era of the Roman Empire, already a mandatory accessory of the sword, [4] starting from the 16th century , round guards began to appear, as well as guards protecting the entire brush with a bow — a curved part running from the top of the handle to the bottom.
On combat knives, to prevent the arm from slipping on the blade, a subfinger stop serves, which ensures safety when delivering a thrusting strike. But the guard in its classical sense remained on some models of knives.
Garda is absent on some types of bladed knives, because of the specifics of its use, for example, checkers and throwing knives .
See also
- Zweichender
Notes
- ↑ Beheim, Vendalen. Encyclopedia of Weapons (Guide to Arms Research. Arms in its historical development from the beginning of the Middle Ages to the end of the XVIII century.) / Executive editor S.V. Yeremenko. - St. Petersburg: JSC "St. Petersburg Orchestra", 1995. - p. 547. - 576 p. - ISBN 5-87685-029-2 .
- ↑ B. Blade
C. Outpost ( first third, obstruction, strong part of the blade )
D. The middle part of the blade ( bend, base )
E. Feather ( weak part of the blade, upper third ) - ↑ 5 . Blade
6 Butt ( dumb )
7 Golomen ( blade plane )
8 Dol
9 Elman
10 The edge - ↑ 1 2 3 Kevin Kyle. From the phalanx to the legion. Armament and Equipment // Illustrated Encyclopedia of Warriors of the Roman World. VIII c. BC er - 1453 = Illustrated Encyclopedia Of Uniforms Of The Roman World. - M .: Eksmo , 2014. - p. 72. - 256 p. - (World history of military uniforms). - 1100 copies - ISBN 978-5-699-74402-2 .
- ↑ Two-handed sword
Links
- Efes, part of the weapon // Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 add.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Ephesus // Brockhaus and Efron Small Encyclopedic Dictionary : 4 tons. - SPb. , 1907-1909.