Joseph Markovich Ratner ( August 26, 1901 , Shumyachi - March 20, 1953 , Moscow ) - Soviet military commander, major general of tank forces (March 11, 1944) and military adviser who participated in the civil wars in Spain and China on the side of the Communists.
| Joseph Markovich Ratner | |||||||||
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| Nickname | Joan, Rotter | ||||||||
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| Affiliation |  the USSR | ||||||||
| Type of army | tank forces | ||||||||
| Years of service | 1919-1953 | ||||||||
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| Part | Main Directorate of Formation and Staffing of the Red Army, Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze , Higher Military Academy named after K. E. Voroshilov | ||||||||
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Content
Biography
Civil War
Born on August 26, 1901 in the village of Shumyachi, Mogilev province (Mstislavsky district of the Mogilev region). Jew by nationality, parents - employees. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1919, he served in the Red Army from the same year and commanded a platoon since November 1919. He graduated from the Mstislavsky gymnasium and infantry command courses in Samara in 1919. He served in the separate Mogilev Communist Battalion of the reserve regiment of the Turkestan District from May to July 1919 and in the reserve of the command staff at the headquarters of the Western Front from November 1919 to April 1920.
In May 1920, Joseph Ratner was captured during the battles of the Soviet-Polish war and until November 1920 was held in a Polish camp. After his release in December 1920, he returned to the reserve of the command staff at the headquarters of the South-Western Front, from February 1921, the platoon commander of the 2nd separate technical battalion and separate engineering company of the 163rd rifle brigade, as well as the sapper company of the 24th rifle division. In January - August 1922 he led the sapper team of the 211st Simbirsk Infantry Regiment at the 24th Infantry Division, and then the division's school.
Interwar years
In September 1922, after the end of the Civil War, Ratner entered the 14th Poltava Infantry School, which he graduated in September 1923, after which he was appointed head of the sapper team of the 71st regiment of the 24th Infantry Division, and then led the platoon until September 1926 Poltava (later Sumy) infantry school. In September 1926 he entered the main faculty of the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze, graduated from it in 1929. He was fluent in German, French and Polish.
From June 1929 to July 1930, Ratner was the company commander of the 3rd Tank Regiment, and then worked in the Oryol Armored School as an assistant to the head of the training unit and battalion commander until February 1931. From February 1931 to February 1933 he was at the disposal of the intelligence department of the headquarters of the Red Army, was twice in Germany “on a business trip on a special assignment,” and led the training unit of the Special tank courses of the Volga Military District. Then until May 1936 he worked as an employee for special assignments of the Armored Directorate of the Red Army, from May to September 1936 the commander of the 13th mechanized regiment of the cavalry division named after I.V. Stalin.
Spain and China
In September 1936, Ratner returned to the Red Army intelligence agency and was sent to Spain to help the Republicans who participated in the civil war against nationalists Francisco Franco. Until September 1937, he was an assistant to the military attache at the Soviet embassy in Spain, served as chief of the Madrid Defense Staff and commander of the 3rd Corps of the Central Front. He was awarded the Orders of Lenin and the Red Banner. From November 1937 to October 1939, Ratner held a similar position as assistant military attache at the Soviet embassy in China.
Teaching
From February 1940 and throughout the Great Patriotic War, Joseph Markovich taught at the MV Frunze Military Academy: until April 1941 he was a teacher in the department of general tactics, from April 1941 to January 1942 he was a senior teacher in the department of history. From January to October 1942 he worked in the Main Directorate of Formation and Staffing of the Red Army: until March, Deputy Head of the 7th Division, from March, Senior Inspector of the 1st Directorate. In October 1942 he was transferred to the disposal of the head of the Main Armored Directorate, in March 1943 he was transferred to the Higher Military Academy named after K. E. Voroshilov, where he worked as a senior lecturer and head of the department until his death.
Death and memory
March 20, 1953 Joseph Markovich Ratner passed away in Moscow. He was buried at the Preobrazhensky cemetery. He was awarded two Orders of Lenin, four Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of the Red Star and medals.
Literature
- Alekseev M.A., Kolpakidi A.I., Kochik V.Ya. Encyclopedia of military intelligence. 1918-1945 - M., 2012 .-- S. 645-646.
- Lurie V. M., Kochik V. Ya. GRU: Cases and people. - M .: Olma, 2012 .-- S. 288-289 ISBN 5-224-03528-7 .