The building of the Kremenchug welfare society

Charity Society

The construction of the building is connected with the activities of one of the oldest charitable organizations in Kremenchug - a society for the support of the poor, the first mention of which in address books dates to the end of the 19th century. Among the members of the board of trustees of the company, as well as among ordinary members, there were many famous Kremenchuzhans. The secretary was held by the Ukrainian composer Mikhail Nikolaevich Kolachevsky . The society consisted of: a doctor of medicine , a chief physician of a provincial zemstvo hospital , a vowel of the city ​​duma , Avksenty Trofimovich Bogaevsky ; Yevgeny Karlovich von Findner, pastor of the Lutheran church ; merchant Efim Faydysh and others. Many mayors and chairmen of the district zemstvos were indispensable members of the committee, in particular, Andrei Yakovlevich Izyumov ^[1] .

Under the tutelage of society was a shelter for young orphans, as well as an almshouse and a shelter for the elderly and crippled poor. The rise of the city’s economy at the beginning of the 20th century contributed to the development of charity. In 1904, in addition to the shelter, there was a female craft school, an evening free literacy school, and an office for hiring public servants in society. The increase in revenue allowed in 1910 to begin the construction of a new two-story stone building along Kievskaya Street (now Victory Street ). In August 1910, the local newspaper Kremenchug Life reported that the construction of the building was completed, but official consecration was postponed until mid-September. After the building was opened, a craft school and a shelter were located on the ground floor, and a second parish school on the second floor ^[1] .

Jewish Higher Educational Institution

In the period from 1917 to 1921, power in the city changed many times. The fate of the charity after 1917 is unknown. At the end of spring 1918, when the power of the hetman Skoropadsky was established in the city, the former building of the company was acquired by Rabbi Ichiel Zvi Girsch Gurari, a wealthy Kremenchuzhian, owner of a tobacco factory, supporter of the Jewish Chabad movement . The building was transferred to the yeshiva “ Tomhei Thimimim ”.

Yeshiva was founded in September 1897 in the village of Lyubavichi (now Smolensk region , Russia ), where it operated for about twenty years, becoming one of the most prestigious yeshivas of the Russian Empire . During the First World War and the ensuing Civil War , the yeshiva was moved to Kremenchug, where it continued its activities from the end of spring - beginning of summer 1918. Zvi Gurari, who provided the yeshiva with a building, was one of its first graduates. Rabbi Eliezer Nanos’s disciple wrote: “In 1914, war broke out, which was later called World War I. Three years later, in 1917, the front began to approach the Lubavitchers, and the yeshiva was transferred to Ukraine, to Kremenchug. There, students and teachers were housed in the house of a rich Jew by the name of Krichevsky, and then Hasid Rabbi Zvi Gurari allocated a two-story building with a large basement for the yeshiva. Pupils and teachers were housed in the building itself, and a kitchen was built in the basement. ” The founder of the yeshiva wrote the following: “... currently there are 42 senior students in Kremenchug ... They spend the night and eat in the house of Gurari, who recently bought a yard (for 75 thousand) and gives it to Tomhey Tmimim. The house has 16 spacious rooms on two floors, in addition, it says that there are good rooms suitable for study, as well as a place to sleep and board and, of course, a kitchen ” ^[1] .

In 1919, during the Soviet period, the yeshiva was recognized as the highest Jewish educational institution, students were recognized as students and received a portion of bread and food stamps . The big yeshiva in the summer of 1920 was relocated to Rostov-on-Don . Small and medium yeshivas operated in the city until the summer of 1930, including being banned ^[1] .

Higher teacher training institution

Under the Soviet regime, in 1920, the first higher secular educational institution was opened in Kremenchug - three-year pedagogical courses with the Ukrainian language of instruction. Courses are located in the empty Yeshiva building. In addition, the building housed a 6-month course of social education, which led to crowding and displeased the administration. The vast majority of teachers had higher education. The teacher of economic disciplines was M. M. Nechaev, the future creator of the Kremenchug local history society, the author of the economic sections of the first pre-war local history essay “Kremenchuk”. P. M. Sapsay, a graduate of the Moscow Conservatory , creator of the Ukrainian folk choir chapel named after Nikolai Vitalyevich Lysenko, worked as a teacher of music and singing. Courses were housed in the building until the summer of 1923. On August 30, 1923, the newspaper Our Way published a note on the allocation for the courses of the building of the former Alexandrovsky Real School , which previously housed the division school ^[1] .

Labor, factory and secondary schools

The vacated building was transferred to the department of public education, which housed two labor schools in it - Ukrainian and Jewish. As of 1930, the building housed seven-year labor schools No. 4 and No. 12. In connection with the industrialization of the country and the transition to universal secondary education in cities, in 1931 the education system was being reformed. Most of the seven-year-old labor schools are turning into seven-year schools of factory training (FZS). Labor school No. 4 becomes FZS No. 4. Labor school No. 12 is being transferred to the district of Revovka and the Novoaleksandrovsky farm. After the unification of the education system in 1934, FZS No. 4 receives the name of secondary school No. 4 ^[1] .

City Printing

During World War II, the school building burned down. The surviving brick box was handed over for restoration to the city printing house . The restoration project was drawn up in 1950 by the Poltava regional project (architect V. A. Pasechny, senior engineer Popova). Upon restoration, it was decided to preserve the pre-war decoration of the building. Considering the artistic merits of the building and the architecture typical of Kremenchug, the executive committee of the Kremenchug city council of people's deputies, by decision No. 273 of 04/07/1988, included the building into the list of protected objects as an architectural monument of local significance ^[1] .

• "The streets of old Kremenchug", A. N. Lushakova, L. I. Evselevsky, 2001.