The history of Haiti 's postal and postage stamps covers the development of postal services in Haiti , an independent state in the West Indies , in the western part of the island of the same name (which it shares with the Dominican Republic ) and on the coastal islands with its capital in Port-au-Prince [1] [2 ] ] . Since 1881, Haiti has been a member of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) [3] and has been issuing its own postage stamps [1] [2] . The national postal operator is Office des Postes d'Haiti [3] [4] .
 Republic of Haiti | |
|---|---|
| hait. Repiblik Ayiti , fr. République d'Haïti Republic of haiti | |
 Haiti's first postage stamp with the symbolic image of Liberty , 1881 ( Mi # 1; Yt # 1; Sc # 1; SG # 1) [^] | |
| Mail History | |
| UPU member | since July 1, 1881 |
| Money system | |
| 1881-1906 | 1 gourde = 100 centimes |
| 1906-1920 | 1 gourde = 100 centimes; 1 piastre = 100 centimes |
| since 1920 | 1 gourde = 100 centimes |
| Software abroad | France (1865-1881) Great Britain (1866-1881) |
| Office des Postes d'Haiti | |
| Post office | 98, Angle Rues Capois et Nicolas, Port-au-Prince, Haïti |
| Mail site | laposte.gouv.ht |
| First postage stamps | |
| Standard | 1881 |
| Commemorative | 1904 |
| Semi-mail | 1939 |
| Surcharge | 1898 |
| Office | 1961 |
| Express delivery | 1953 |
| Parcel | 1960 |
| Airmail | 1929 |
| Other | postal tax - 1944 |
| Post block | 1942 |
| Philately | |
| amount marks per year | 7 (2003) |
| WNS Member | since 2002 |
| FIP member from country | not involved |
Content
Mail Development
The history of mail on the island was originally associated with the existence of a Spanish colony (until 1697) [5] , and then the French colony [1] of San Domingo . In the 1760s, postal stamps were introduced in Haiti [6] , which was then under French control [7] , but they were mostly undated. The public postal service in the state of Haiti [6] , which declared independence in 1804 [1] [6] , was absent until 1808-1809. A parcel agency was established in Jacmele until 1840. [6]
On July 1, 1881, Haiti joined the UPU [3] [6] .
The use of postmarks is known in less than 40 post offices , since independent Haiti took control of all affairs under its own control [6] .
From July 1915 to August 1934, Haiti was occupied by the United States [1] [6] .
In 1931, Haiti was admitted to the Postal Union of American States and Spain ( Spanish Unión Postal de las Américas y España , abbreviated UPAE ), now the Postal Union of American States, Spain and Portugal ( UPAEP ) [8] . On October 1, 1937, Spain entered into circulation an American- Spanish return coupon ( Cupón-respuesta americoespañol ). It was distributed in UPAE countries, including Haiti, until February 29, 1956 [9] .
In modern conditions, the office des Postes d'Haiti [3] [4] , which is subordinate to the , is responsible for the postal service in the country [4] .
After a major devastating earthquake in 2010, postal services in the country were temporarily provided with assistance from the US Postal Service and , which provided mobile post offices , dozens of vans , as well as sorting cabinets and other equipment [10 ] .
Stamp Issues
First Marks
Haiti issued its first pasted postage stamps on July 1, 1881, the day the republic joined the UPU [1] [6] . The first postage stamp was 1 centimeters face , and on it was a symbolic image of Liberty [1] [≡] .
Subsequent Issues
The Haitian Postal Administration issued postage stamps for domestic and international postal items [1] . At the same time on the original stamps there were inscriptions: fr. République d 'Haïti ( Republic of Haiti ); Haïti (Haiti); "Postes" (" Mail ") [2] .
In 1902, an overprint was made on Haitian stamps: "Mai G r Ge 1902" [11] (" Provisional Government . May 1902") [2] [12] [13] .
The first commemorative issue was carried out in 1904, and the first postal block appeared in 1942 [1] . In 1954, the first Christmas stamps of Haiti were issued [14] .
- Examples of commemorative stamps in Haiti in the 20th century
1914: O. Zamor's election as
1943: Admiral , self- on the ship during the crisis of 1902
1954: 150th anniversary of the declaration of independence of Haiti . Portrait of , author of the
1960: 100th Birth Anniversary of Haitian Composer
According to L. L. Lepeshinsky [2] , a total of 783 postage stamps and two blocks were issued from 1881 to 1963.
Other Stamps
Airmail
The first airmail stamps of Haiti were put into circulation on November 4, 1929 [1] , and the last - in 1999 [14] .
Paid
Haiti surcharge stamps [1] [2] were published, which stated: “Chiffre-taxe á percevoir” (“Amount to be paid”). In the mail from 1881 to 1963 received 23 additional stamps [2] .
Service
The Haitian Post also issued service stamps [1] [2] , of which there were nine in the period 1881-1963 [2] .
Parcels
In Haiti's mail, there were parcels ( packages ) stamps [1] [2] ; in the period from 1881 to 1963, eight such stamps were published. There was an inscription on them: “Colis postaux” (“ Postal packages ”) [2] .
Post and Tax
The Haitian Postal Service also issued postage and tax stamps [1] , on which the corresponding inscription appeared: “Secours aux victimes de guerre” (“Assistance to the victims of war”) [15] .
Postal Charities
In circulation were eight Haiti postage-charity stamps [2] with the inscription “Croix Rouge Haïtienne” (“Haitian Red Cross ”) [16] .
Hurry
Also known is one Haitian brand of urgent mail [2] .
Foreign Post Offices
British postal offices were established in Jacmel in March 1866 and in Port-au-Prince in June 1869, and both were closed in 1881. British postage stamps were authorized for use in 1869 and were canceled by number stamps E53 (Port-au-Prince) or C59 (Jacmel) [6] .
French postal offices in Cap-Haitien and Port-au-Prince used French postage stamps from 1865 and 1876, respectively. These offices were closed in June 1881 [6] .
Whole things
The whole things published by the Haitian postal administration are described in the Higgins and Gage World Catalog of Whole Items , Volume 8: Eng. "H - Haiti to Hungary" ("Haiti - Hungary ").
Philately Development
Collectors interested in the history of mail and postage stamps of this country are united by the Haiti Philatelic Society . It is an affiliate of the American Philatelic Society , numbered 81, and is based in the United States [17] . The organization appeared in 1975, and about 100 philatelists are registered in it - mostly from the USA, as well as from some other countries of the world [18] .
Haiti's famous stamp collectors included the English and American philatelist Bertram Poole (1880-1957).
Interesting Facts
- Due to the incorrectly indicated borders on stamps with geographical maps issued by the neighboring Dominican Republic, the Government of the Republic of Haiti resorted to an acute diplomatic conflict in 1900 [19] [20] [21] . As a result, the Dominican administration was forced to seize the entire print run of a series of provocative stamps ( Sc # 111-119) .
- Polish authors O. Gross and K. Gryzhevsky [22] as follows described the case of a speculative issue of Haiti, executed on gold with paper lining in the board of the former president and dictator Francois Duvalier :
| In an effort to perpetuate his dominance, this dictator resorted not only to bloody police methods, but also issued special stamps with his portrait . In 1969, he issued such a stamp in denomination of 30 gourdes with a circulation of 44 thousand copies. It was made by one of the Swiss companies on gold foil , and you could get it on an art card and autographed by a dictator ... by paying $ 20 to his cash register. However, this has nothing to do with philately . |
See also
- British consular post
- The history of Haiti
- History of Post and Postage Stamps of the Dominican Republic
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Haiti // Large Philatelic Dictionary / N. I. Vladinets, L. I. Ilyichev, I. Ya. Levitas ... [and others ]; under the general. ed. N.I. Vladinets and V.A. Jacobs. - M .: Radio and communications, 1988. - S. 56. - 40,000 copies. - ISBN 5-256-00175-2 . (Retrieved May 28, 2017) Archived copy . Date of treatment September 30, 2018. Archived on May 28, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Haiti // Philatelic geography (foreign countries): Reference book / L. L. Lepeshinsky. - M .: Communication, 1967. - S. 353. - 480 p. (Retrieved May 29, 2017) Archived copy . Date of treatment April 26, 2017. Archived May 29, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Haiti . The UPU : Member countries: Americas . Universal Postal Union . Date of treatment April 28, 2017. Archived on April 28, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Países miembros: Haití (Spanish) . La Organización . Montevideo , Uruguay : UPAEP. Date of treatment May 28, 2017. Archived May 28, 2017.
- ↑ See also the article .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Rossiter S. , Fowler J., Wellsted R. Haiti . Stamp Collecting Resources: Stamp Atlas . Knutsford , UK : Sandafayre Stamp Auctions; Sandafayre (Holdings) Ltd. - Haiti. Date of treatment April 28, 2017. Archived on April 28, 2017.
- ↑ Rossiter S., Fowler J., Wellsted R. Dominican Republic . Stamp Collecting Resources: Stamp Atlas . Knutsford, UK: Sandafayre Stamp Auctions; Sandafayre (Holdings) Ltd. - Dominican Republic. Date of treatment April 28, 2017. Archived on April 28, 2017.
- ↑ Reseña histórica: 1931: Tercer Congreso Postal Panamericano (Spanish) . La Organización . Montevideo , Uruguay : UPAEP. Date of treatment May 3, 2017. Archived on May 3, 2017.
- ↑ Restricted Unions Reply Coupons - Generalities . Postal Reply Coupons . France : André Hurtré (March 11, 2011). Date of treatment June 2, 2008. Archived January 11, 2012.
- ↑ LeBlanc R. The postal world is in a hurry to help Haiti // [ Postal Union ]. - 2010. - No. 1. - C. 9. (Retrieved May 3, 2017) Archived on May 3, 2017.
- ↑ From Fr. “Gouvernement Provisoire” - “Provisional Government”.
- ↑ M . Overprints and inscriptions on stamps (second option) . Philatelic museum and library; fmus.ru. Date of treatment May 4, 2017. Archived on May 4, 2017.
- ↑ In connection with the board of the interim P.T. Boiron-Canal .
- ↑ 1 2 According to the Scott and Michel catalogs.
- ↑ S . Overprints and inscriptions on stamps (second option) . Philatelic museum and library; fmus.ru. Date of treatment May 4, 2017. Archived on May 4, 2017.
- ↑ C . Overprints and inscriptions on stamps (second option) . Philatelic museum and library; fmus.ru. Date of treatment May 4, 2017. Archived on May 4, 2017.
- ↑ Home Page . USA : The Haiti Philatelic Society (2017). Date of treatment May 1, 2017. Archived May 1, 2017.
- ↑ Why become a member? (eng.) . Membership USA: The Haiti Philatelic Society (2017). Date of treatment May 1, 2017. Archived May 1, 2017.
- ↑ Post (vintage) conflicts // Large Philatelic Dictionary / N. I. Vladinets, L. I. Ilyichev, I. Ya. Levitas ... [ and others ] ; under the general. ed. N.I. Vladinets and V.A. Jacobs. - M .: Radio and communications, 1988. - S. 236. - 40 000 copies. - ISBN 5-256-00175-2 . (Retrieved December 17, 2015) Archived copy . Date of treatment May 4, 2017. Archived December 17, 2015.
- ↑ "Vintage" wars . Philately as an art . Philatelist.ru (April 28, 2007). Date of treatment May 28, 2017. Archived May 28, 2017.
- ↑ Dominican Republic - Haiti . Maps on Stamps: Thematic Cartography: Borders and Wars . Dan's Topical Stamps. Date of treatment March 25, 2010. Archived on April 16, 2012.
- ↑ Gross O., Gryzhevsky K. IV. In a kaleidoscope of stamps. Postmaster stamps // Travels in the world of stamps / O. Gross, K. Gryzhevsky; Per. from polish. Yu. M. Sokolov with abbr. - M .: Progress , 1977 .-- 50,000 copies. (Retrieved March 20, 2017)
Literature
- Vintage territories of the world: Greenland , Dominica , Dominican Republic, Haiti // Philately . - 2005. - No. 1. - S. 44–46.
- Booker H. Approval Stamps of Haiti. - American Philatelic Society , 1977. (Eng.) [Haiti stamps as agreed .]
- Melville FJ The Postage Stamps of Hayti. - L .: & Co., c. 1904. (English) [Postage stamps of Haiti.]
Links
- Haiti Postage Stamp Gallery . Stamp Gallery . Cary, NC , USA: Numismondo: World Paper Money Picture Catalog; Garry Saint (1999-2007). Date of treatment August 18, 2011. Archived March 10, 2013.
- haitiphilately.org - The official site of the Haitian Philatelic Society. (Retrieved May 29, 2017) Archived October 13, 2016.