The Presidency of Francois Hollande began on May 15, 2012 and ended on May 14, 2017 . Hollande is the 45th President of France. He became the second president of France from the Socialist Party.
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Election of Francois Hollande
March 31, 2011, Hollande officially announced his participation in the presidential election.
In May 2011, Hollande became one of the main candidates for the presidency of France from the socialists.
In August 2011, Hollande published his book The Destiny of France, which sets out his election program.
On October 16, 2011, Francois Hollande was nominated for the presidency of France from the Socialist Party.
On January 22, 2012, Hollande delivered a one-and-a-half-hour speech in which he outlined his election program, “Change is now. My 60 promises to France. ”
In early April 2012, the candidature of Hollande was supported by former president and center-right Jacques Chirac .
On April 22, 2012, the first round of presidential elections was held in France, during which Hollande won 28.63% of the vote, beating Sarkozy by 1.5%.
On May 6, 2012, the second round was held, in which Hollande was elected President of France, gaining 51.64% of the vote.
Inauguration
On May 15, 2012, François Hollande took over as French president, taking the oath at the Elysée Palace.
Rating
Following the first 100 days of rule, Hollande became the most unpopular president of France.
In February 2013, the rating of Hollande fell to 30%, which made him the most unpopular president of France since 1981 , in the spring - up to 24%, in November - up to 20%.
By November 2014, Hollande's rating dropped to 13%. In January 2015, the rating of Hollande soared briefly to 21%.
In June 2016, the rating of Hollande fell to 12%. In November 2016, Hollande's rating dropped to a record 4%, which made him the most unpopular French president in the entire history of the Fifth Republic. He became the only president of the Fifth Republic, not running for a second term.
Domestic Policy
On May 16, 2012, Hollande appointed Jean-Marc Hérault as the new Prime Minister of France. On June 18-21, the second government of Jean-Marc Herault was formed.
On 3 July, the French Prime Minister announced his intention to legalize same-sex marriages and grant the rights of adoption to children by homosexuals in early 2013.
On September 15, 2012, Hollande made a proposal to introduce a 75% tax on citizens who have incomes in excess of 1 million euros per year. The Constitutional Court rejected his initiative.
On November 7, 2012, Hollande approved a bill on legalizing same-sex marriage in France. This decision led to large-scale protests throughout France and a negative reaction from the Catholic Church, Muslims, the right-wing opposition, Republicans and Communists.
On April 23, 2013, the French parliament in the second reading adopted the law on the legalization of same-sex marriages.
On May 17, the same-sex marriage bill was approved by the Constitutional Council.
On May 18, 2013, French President Francois Hollande signed the law on the legalization of same-sex marriage, which entered into force on May 19. On May 28, the first registrations of same-sex marriages took place.
In June 2013, Hollande, fulfilling campaign promises, lowers the retirement age. But not for everyone: retirement in 60 years became available to the French, who started work early and made contributions to the pension fund for 40 years.
On March 23 and 30, 2014, municipal elections were held in France, at which the socialists were defeated, losing to the Republicans Sarkozy. Under the influence of the election results, the government of Jean-Marc Herault resigned on March 31. The new head of government was Interior Minister Manuel Valls .
Already on August 25, 2014, the first Waltz government resigned, having only lasted 147 days. On August 26, the fourth government was formed during the years of Hollande's rule.
On August 6, 2015, at the initiative of the Minister of Economy Emmanuel Macron, a “law for economic growth, activity and equality of chances” was adopted, nicknamed by the people “Macron law”. The law provides for the liberalization of certain sectors of the economy.
On December 6, 2016, the Waltz government resigned. Bernard Kaznev became the new prime minister of France.
Foreign Policy
Already on his inauguration day, Hollande made his first overseas visit. Hollande made this visit to Germany, where he met with Angela Merkel.
May 17, 2012, Hollande went on a visit to Washington, where he met with Barack Obama.
On November 29, 2012, when voting in the UN Security Council, France voted for the demand of Palestine for observer status in the UN.
On January 11, 2013, by order of Hollande, the French army launched military intervention (Operation Serval) in Mali. July 14, 2014 the operation ended with the victory of France and the government forces in Mali.
On April 29, 2013, Hollande published the new French doctrine of foreign policy, the White Book.
In December 2013, the French army launched an intervention in the Central African Republic (CAR).
In 2014, Hollande supported the sanctions against Russia.
In the spring of 2015, Hollande announced a break with Russia on the supply of Mistral helicopter carriers. France paid Russia about 1 billion euros. In the autumn of the same year, the Mistrals were sold to Egypt.
On February 10, 2016, French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius resigned, who on March 8 of that same year headed the French Constitutional Council. The new French Foreign Minister was Jean-Marc Hérault.
Refusing to participate in the 2017 presidential election
Because of his low popularity, F. Hollande did not nominate his candidacy for the 2017 presidential election. He announced this on December 1, 2016.
In January 2017, Benoit Amon , who lost in the first round of elections held on April 23, 2017, became a socialist presidential candidate. After losing the election, the socialists supported the candidacy of Emmanuel Macron, who ran from the “Forward!” Movement.
On May 7, 2017, Macron won the second round of elections. Already on May 8, Hollande congratulated him on his victory. On May 14, 2017, Hollande transferred his powers to elected President Emmanuel Macron.
See also
- Francois Hollande
- French Presidential Election (2012)
- Parliamentary elections in France (2012)
- Same-sex marriage in France
- Operation "Serval"
- Sanctions in connection with the Ukrainian events of 2014
- The attacks in Paris on November 13, 2015
- Protests in France (2016)
Sources
Literature
- J. Gaffney. Title France in the Hollande Presidency: The Unhappy Republic. French Politics, Society and Culture . - Springer, 2015. - 203 p. - ISBN 9781137453914 .