Tarnovo (Shilovsky district)

The village of Tarnovo is located on the Oka-Don Plain on the right bank of the Oka River near the mouth of the Tyrnitsa River , 18.5 km north-east of the village of Shilovo . The distance from the village to the district center Shilovo by road is 30 km.

To the north and south of the village in the immediate vicinity are forests. To the north of the village, the terrain is highly rugged: here are the ravines of Shatov and Lazar, along the bottom of which flow the keys, the pond, the Meadows tract with sand banks on the Oka River, the Drunken Forest and the Fox Tail forest. In the mouth of the ravine Lazar is located the Priokskaya hostel of the Research Institute of Aviation Equipment (NIIAO, Zhukovsky, Moscow region). To the south of the village, in the floodplain of the Tyrnitsa river, are the Borok, Live Swamp, Ramushka and Kulishka tractsses with the Tarnovsky and Perelok backwaters, the lakes of Volosovo and Narmishi. The nearest populated areas are Inyakino and Dubrovka villages, Seltso-Sergiyevka village.

In 1989 - 900 people. ^[2] .

According to local legends, the name of the settlement was given to him by Bulgarians sailing along the Oka River in honor of the city of Veliko Tarnovo in Bulgaria, or derived from the name of the boyar Tyrna . However, a more convincing version is that the name of the village is explained by its location on the Tyrnitsa River (Tynerce). "Tyr" (torus) in translation from Erzya-Mordovsky means a sword. ^{[3] [4]}

The districts of the village of Tarnovo were inhabited since ancient times by man. Archaeological intelligence found here 3 settlements of the late Neolithic era (3 thousand BC), 2 settlements of the Bronze Age (2 thousand BC), a settlement and a burial ground of the early Iron Age (1 thousand BC). e.) and 2 Slavic settlements (IX - early XIII centuries.). ^[five]

In 1520, for the first time, the documents referred to the “Zatynerskie flanks”, that is, the border lands beyond the Tyrnitsa River (Tynertsy), which belonged to the Terekhov Resurrection Monastery. ^[6]

After construction in the middle of the XVI century. A large zasechnaya line to protect against the raids of the nomads, not far from here was the Shatskaya cut, covering one of the branches of the Nogai Way from the raids of the nomads: the road to the city of Kasimov . Service people settled in the area of ​​the zaseki, including the town Cossacks . Thus arose the village Tarnova Sloboda - an ancient Cossack settlement on the banks of the Oka. In the 17th century, due to the loss of the Great defense line, a significant part of the local Cossacks was resettled to the Don or transferred to the ranks of state peasants, and then, through grants, was transferred to the number of possessive peasants.

For the first time, the village of Tynerskaya or Tarnovskaya Sloboda is mentioned in the scribal books of Kasimov for 1628 and is described as follows:

“For the boyar behind Prince Yury Yanshevich Suleshev in the estate, the village of Tynorskaya Sloboda without a colony, and in the village a church in the name of the Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos, the square is old, and in the church there are images and candles and books and every parish church structure: Grigorey Kondratyev, the courtyard of the priest Porfirey Petrov, the courtyard of the priest Afonasey Kondratyev, the courtyard of the deacon Sergei Seliverstov, the courtyard of the sexton Peacock Ovdeyev, the courtyard of the proskurnitse Okulynitsa Levonteva, the courtyard of a beggar-nourishment for the church of God. And in the village there are yard prikaschikov, 65 farms of peasants, and the people in them are also, and 56 of the yards are empty. Yes, for the widow of prince Mikhail Kaybulin for Princess Marya in the village of Sloboda Tarnovskaya for her stallions of the peasant households 58, 132 people in them and 4 bobyl yards, and people in them. ” ^[7]

As can be seen from the above document, by 1628 the village of Tarnovskaya Sloboda was already large (183 courtyards, 201 people) with a wooden church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin. Much of the courtyards (56 in total) stood empty - the consequences of the Troubles of the early 17th century. The village belonged to two owners - Prince Yury Yansheevich Suleshov and Princess Maria, the widow of Prince Mikhail Kaibulin . In the salary books for 1676 in the village Tarnovskaya Sloboda appear

"Landlords' 3 yards and peasant 221 yards and 44 bobyl yards". ^[7]

At the end of the XVIII century. the village of Tarnovskaya Sloboda belonged to the princes Gagarin . It is known that Prince Matvey Alekseevich Gagarin in 1792 informed the Spiritual Consistory in Ryazan that the Pokrovskaya Church in the village of Tarnovskaya Sloboda "would have been deceived by the negligence of Priest Adrian Gavrilov and the sexton Yakov Dmitriev," and in the same year he asked for permission " bought them in with. Sinulitsy church move in with. Tarnovo Sloboda. By 1796, on the initiative and at the expense of Prince M.A. Gagarin, a new wooden church of the Intercession of the Holy Protection was built in the village with the Floro-Lavra and Troitsky chapels. ^[7]

Conveniently located on the banks of the Oka River, which was the most important transport artery, the village of Tarnovskaya Sloboda by the middle of the 19th century. acquires its own pier, where products from agricultural production were brought from a nearby area. The village also operated a crossing over the Oka River.

By the time of the abolition of serfdom in 1861, most of the village of Tarnova Sloboda belonged to the landowner Prince V. Ya. Obolensky , who owned in his district 3310 dess. land.

After the abolition of serfdom, the process of landlessing of the peasants intensified contributed to the development of cottage industry in the countryside. At this time, Tarnovskaya Sloboda became the center of handicraft production of wooden parts of horse harnesses - clamps and saddles. ^[8] The Tyrnovskaya marina is expanding, in connection with which a tavern and a hotel for visitors were built in the village. In Tarnovskaya Sloboda, annual fairs were held, where peasants from nearby villages gathered. Only in 1908, 7500 pounds of treacle were loaded on barges at Tarnovskaya pier and 6000 pounds of salt were unloaded from Nizhny Novgorod . ^[9]

It did not go without incidents: on May 13, 1898, a shipwreck occurred on the Oka River opposite the Tarnovo Wharf on the river - the barge of the merchant Materikin sank from a collision with the barge Skull-Spiridovich. ^[9]

Free "Cossack" past for a long time remained in the memory and traditions of local peasants. An interesting feature of the village of Tarnovskaya Sloboda, in contrast to the neighboring villages of Spassky district, was clothing (for women - a sukman-type sundress, in a men's suit a unique apron with brisket) was unique. In the spiritual culture, the features of the Tyrnovskaya Sloboda were traced in the absence of the traditional New Year's “ovseny”; short spells were used instead. But the biggest difference was observed in the Tyrnovo wedding ceremony: the initiative to enter into marriage here belonged to the bride’s side.

By 1891, according to I. V. Dobrolyubova , there were 320 yards in the village of Tarnovskaya Sloboda, in which there were 1,136 male and 1,240 female souls, including literate — 550 men and 96 women. ^[7] Indicator of economic development of the village to the beginning of the XX century. was the restructuring of the local peasants at their own expense of the old Church of the Intercession of the Church, to which in 1896-1903. stone refectory and bell tower were added.

By 1905, there were 3403 people in the village of Tyrnovskaya Sloboda. residents: 1725 men and 1628 women. In the village there were a church, a provincial hospital, bazaars, shops and a pier, which shipped annually up to 75 thousand pounds of mainly forest material. In 1911, at the expense of the landowner Prince V. Ya. Obolensky, a village parish school was opened in the village. Locals grew rye, potatoes and flax in the fields. The rich meadows in the floodplain of the Oka and Tyrnitsa rivers allowed the villagers to breed cattle and sheep. ^[ten]

At the same time, at the beginning of the 20th century. revolutionary moods are spreading among the tyrnovsky peasants. Already in the years of the 1st Russian revolution of 1905-1907. police ranks marked appearance of revolutionary agitators from Ryazan in the village of Tarnova Sloboda, and, as a result, growing discontent of the poorest part of the peasantry.

The October Revolution of 1917 , accompanied by the division of landlords' land and the general redistribution of land, was greeted mostly by local peasants with joy. However, the subsequent tightening of the surplus and the activities of the combos already in early November 1918 led to a massive peasant uprising in several districts of the Ryazan province. At the head of the rebels were often officers of the former royal army. A spontaneous peasant uprising flared up in the village of Tarnovskaya Sloboda. The rebels occupied the pier and attempted to seize the steamship Vityaz, which was carrying weapons to Kasimov. The spontaneity and lack of organization of this speech led to the fact that the authorities rather quickly suppressed it. ^[eight]

In the era of collectivization in the spring of 1929, in the village of Tarnovskaya Sloboda, 2 joint land cultivation partnerships (TOZa) were created - one of the first in the newly formed Shilovsky district. By the beginning of 1930, agricultural production was 100% collectivized. ^[8] In 1931, it was decided to close the Church of the Intercession and demolish its building (fortunately, only the main wooden volume of the church was demolished); as a result of negligence and fire, the manor house of Princes Obolensky was destroyed.

Pier sat in it ^{[ what? ]} time becomes purely passenger, and the village itself receives a new name - Tarnovo.

During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. many residents of the village of Tarnovo were at the front, and collective farmers worked at the limit of human capabilities. Among other things, production of felt boots for the front from wool collected from the population (1 ton) was organized in Tarnovo. In 1945, Lieutenant Nikolai Vasilyevich Stroykov , a native of the village of Tarnovo, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, squadron commander of the 213rd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment. His personal account - 18 shot down enemy planes, besides in the group battles he shot down 21 aircraft. N. Stroykov was awarded 14 government awards, including two Orders of Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner and the Order of the Red Star. ^[eight]

At present ^{[ what? ]} time the village of Tarnovo is the administrative center of the Tarnovsky rural settlement within the Shilovsky district of the Ryazan region. Until now, in Tarnovo, the old street names that testify to its past are preserved: Kurenschikovaya, Kazennaya, Promyslovaya, Kustarnaya, Nagornaya, etc.

According to the data for 2015–2016, the following are located in the village of Tarnovo, Shilovsky District, Ryazan Region:

1. “Tyrnovsky Dairy Plant” LLC, processing of cow's milk and production of dairy products under the trademarks “Meshcherskiye Rosy” and “Mirodarovskaya”;
2. LLC "Vesi", lumber production;
3. Inyakino LLC, an agro-industrial enterprise.

In the village there are several shops, an enterprise providing funeral services. ^{[11] [12]}

In the village of Tyrnovo, Shilovsky District of the Ryazan Region, there is a post office, a medical clinic, a Tyrnovsky main secondary school (a branch of the Inyakinskaya Secondary School), a House of Culture and a library. ^[eleven]

Until the middle of the XX century. The greatest importance for the village of Tyrnovo was water transport. The Oka River and the Oka River Route linked the village with the largest centers of the Ryazan Region. The village has a river pier (anchorage).

Since the end of XX century. the main cargo and passenger transportation is carried out by road: the village has a departure to the nearby regional road P125 : “Ryazhsk - Kasimov - Nizhny Novgorod”. There is a ferry service across the Oka River in the summer; in winter, the movement is carried out on the ice.

• Drunk Forest is a geo-anomalous zone 0.5 km north of the village of Tarnovo. ^[13]
• Manor of Princes Obolensky , end of XIX century Safety is low: a manor park of mixed tree species has been preserved (Barsky Garden).
• Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary - Intercession Church. Built in 1896-1902, the refectory and the bell tower survived. ^[14]
• Zemsky parish school. Built in 1911 at the expense of the last owner of the village, Prince V. Ya. Obolensky.
• Monument to fellow villagers who died in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

• Nikolai Vasilyevich Stroykov (1921 + 1964) - Senior Lieutenant, Squadron Commander of the 213rd Guards Oder Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky and Alexander Nevsky Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 22nd Guards Kirovograd Red Banner Order of the Kutuzov Fighter Aviation Division, deceased, deacon
• Alexander Mikhailovich Averkov (1924 + 2003) - Chief Engineer of a locomotive locomotive depot Smolyaninovo, Primorsky Krai, Hero of Socialist Labor.
• Boris Vladimirovich Gusev (born 1936) - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), President of the Russian Academy of Engineering, Hero of Socialist Labor (1990).