Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation

The predecessor of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation was the 9th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR , which in February 1990 was transformed into the Security Service of the KGB of the USSR ^[2] . In August 1991, the Security Service was removed from the jurisdiction of the KGB of the USSR and transformed into the Security Department under the Office of the President of the USSR.

The President of the RSFSR created his own Security Service, on September 3, 1991, A.V. Korzhakov was appointed its chief, who was entrusted with developing the structure and staff of the Service within a week.

At the end of 1991, the Security Directorate under the Office of the President of the USSR was liquidated and the Main Directorate of Security (GUO) of the RSFSR was created on its basis. At the end of 1992, the GUO was given additional functions for organizing secure communications for the President of the Russian Federation, for which the Presidential Communications Directorate of the Main Directorate of Government Communications of FAPSI was transferred to the jurisdiction of the GUO.

In January 1994, the GUO of Russia was first mentioned in the list of federal executive bodies.

Since July 28, 1995, it was established that the GUO of Russia is the subject of operational management of the Security Service of the President of the Russian Federation, this was further enshrined in the Regulation on the Main Directorate of Security of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 29, 1995 No. 1333.

On May 27, 1996, federal law established that the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation is the assignee of the Main Directorate of Protection of the Russian Federation ^[3] . On June 19, 1996, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation , the General Directorate of Security of the Russian Federation was renamed the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. The head of the service was appointed Lieutenant General Yu. V. Krapivin ^[4] .

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 2, 1996 No. 1013 included the Security Service of the President of the Russian Federation into the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.

On August 2, 1996, the Regulation on the FSO of Russia was approved ^[5] .

August 14, 1996 - the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation was renamed the Federal Security Service of Russia ^[6] .

September 6, 1996 - the previous renaming was canceled ^[7] .

May 18, 2000 - E. A. Murov was appointed the head of the service ^[8] ; since November 21, 2001 the position has been referred to as the “director” ^[9] .

In 2003, on the basis of some units of the liquidated FAPSI and the Presidential Communications Directorate of the Federal Security Service of Russia, the Special Communication and Information Service was established under the Federal Security Service of Russia ( Special Communication of Russia ).

On August 7, 2004, a new Regulation on the Federal Security Service of Russia was adopted, and Special Communication of Russia was included directly in the central office of the Federal Security Service of Russia as a structural unit ^[10] .

On December 14, 2011, President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev handed the Banner of the Federal Security Service to the Director of the Federal Security Service of Russia, E. A. Murov. On the banner of the FSO of Russia is inscribed "Fatherland, devotion and honor."

552.4 million rubles were allocated in the open part of the budget of the Federal Security Service of Russia for 2017, the rest goes under closed articles ^[11] .

In March 2017, the service received the right to seize land for state needs (which can be attributed to any object), in June it became possible to restrict traffic on highways, use airports, sea and river ports for free and protect the data of protected officials (to gain access to which permission of the object of protection or the Federal Security Service of Russia will be required. Nikolay Kondratyuk explained the expansion of the authority of his department to the complication of the foreign policy situation and “did not stop by the attempts of radical forces to influence the domestic political situation ”in Russia ^[12] .

State protection is the function of federal government bodies in the field of ensuring the security of state protection facilities, carried out on the basis of a combination of legal, organizational, security, security, operational-search, technical and other measures.

State protection is carried out on the basis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation , federal constitutional laws , federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as international treaties of the Russian Federation.

The basic principles for the implementation of state protection are the principles of legality, respect and observance of human and civil rights and freedoms, centralized leadership, the interaction of state security agencies, continuity, a combination of public and secret methods of activity, control and supervision.

The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation is a federal executive body performing functions of state policy development, legal regulation, control and supervision in the field of state protection, presidential, governmental and other types of special communications and information provided to federal government bodies, state bodies authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and other state bodies.

The FSO of Russia carries out its activities directly and through territorial bodies.

The management of the FSO of Russia is carried out by the President of the Russian Federation .

The regulations on the Federal Security Service of Russia and the structure of federal state security bodies are approved by the President of the Russian Federation.

The Government of the Russian Federation coordinates the activities of the FSO of Russia in terms of the interaction of the FSO of Russia with federal executive bodies.

According to the Regulation on the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the main tasks of the FSO of Russia are:

1) ensuring the security of state protection facilities in the places of their permanent and temporary stay and on the highways;

2) forecasting and identifying threats to the vital interests of state security facilities, implementing a set of measures to prevent this threat;

3) the prevention, detection and suppression of unlawful attacks on objects of state protection and protected objects;

4) prevention, detection and suppression of crimes and other offenses at protected objects, in places of permanent and temporary stay of state protection objects and on the routes of their passage;

5) protection of protected objects;

6) participation within the framework of its authority in the fight against terrorism;

7) organization and maintenance of operation, security, improvement of special communications and information provided to state bodies;

8) participation in the development and implementation of measures to ensure the information security of the Russian Federation, counteract technical intelligence and protect information constituting a state secret;

9) implementation of state policy in the field of legal informatization of the Russian Federation and coordination of work carried out in this area;

10) information technology and information and analytical support of state bodies, technical maintenance and software support of information and telecommunication systems and situational centers, as well as information support of state administration in wartime and in emergency situations;

11) ensuring their own security.

Federal Security Service

• Management (Director, Deputies)
• Presidential Security Service
• Security Service
• Service of the commandant of the Moscow Kremlin
  • Presidential Regiment
  • Presidential Orchestra
• Special Communication and Information Service
• Engineering Service
• Housekeeping Service
  • Special Purpose Garage
• Administrative service
• Security Service in the North-West Federal District (St. Petersburg)
• Security Service in the Caucasus (Sochi)
• Security Service in Crimea (Simferopol)
• Central Administration
• Units of the Federal Security Service of Russia that exercise certain powers of the Federal Security Service of Russia in the field of protection of state facilities, complexes, residences, summer residences and hotels
  • List of official residences of senior officials of Russia
• Office of Special Communications and Information in the Federal Districts
  • centers of special communications and information in the constituent entities of the Federation (in the past, HF communications departments of the territorial bodies of the KGB)
• Special communications centers (formerly regiments of the government communications forces of the KGB of the USSR)

and

• educational and research institutions, federal unitary enterprises
  • Academy of Federal Security Service of Russia (Oryol).
• Center for Public Relations

• The Academy of Federal Security Service of Russia (until 2003 it was called the Academy of FAPSI, until 2004 - the Academy of Special Communications under the Federal Security Service of Russia), trains specialists in information security of telecommunication systems and radio communications, is located in Oryol.
  • branch - Voronezh Institute of Government Communications
• Training Center of the Federal Security Service of Russia (Kupavna, Moscow Region)

Official information on the strength of the Service is classified ^[11] . However, in September 2016, the former head of the Presidential Security Service of the Russian Federation, Alexander Korzhakov, said that the number of personnel increased significantly compared to the years when Boris Yeltsin occupied the post of president - from 13,000 to about 50,000. At the same time, he calls the number 9 of the Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR - the predecessor of the FSO of Russia of 15,000 employees ^[13]

Head of the GUO of Russia

• Rare-bearded Vladimir Stepanovich (1991 - June 1992)
• Barsukov Mikhail Ivanovich (June 12, 1992 - July 24, 1995)
• Krapivin Yuri Vasilievich (July 24, 1995 - June 20, 1996)

Head of the Federal Security Service of Russia

• Krapivin Yuri Vasilievich (June 20, 1996 - May 18, 2000)

Director of the Federal Security Service of Russia

• Murov Evgeny Alekseevich (May 18, 2000 - May 26, 2016) ^[14]
• Kochnev Dmitry Viktorovich (since May 26, 2016) ^[15]

First Deputy Director of the Federal Security Service of Russia

• Klimentiev Oleg Ateistovich (since 2015)

Deputy Directors of the Federal Security Service of Russia

• Belanovsky Vladimir Valerievich (since 2017) - head of the Special Communications and Information Service

• Rubezhnoy Alexey Alexandrovich - Head of the Security Service of the President of the Russian Federation
• Tulupov Victor Stepanovich

Commandant - Head of the Moscow Kremlin Commandant Service

• Barsukov Mikhail Ivanovich (December 10, 1991 - July 24, 1995)
• Strygin Sergey Vasilievich (July 29, 1995 - January 2004)
• Lieutenant General Khlebnikov Sergey Dmitrievich (since January 2004)

• Some of the cars that are in the possession of the Federal Security Service of Russia in the Moscow region have license plates with the same letters E-KX, which is jokingly deciphered by drivers and journalists as “going as I want” ^[16] . Traffic police inspectors do not have the right to stop FSO Russia cars with flashing beacons and sirens on, and if they violate the rules, they can only compile a report for the authorities.
• Since 2014, employees of the Federal Security Service were allowed to travel to only 27 states. 108 countries with which the United States has concluded mutual extradition agreements have been banned from visiting. April 29, under the sanctions of the United States, the director of the Federal Security Service of Russia Evgeny Murov fell. As follows from the lists of allowed and prohibited countries, Turkey, Egypt, Thailand, India, Spain, Israel and all EU countries were banned. Only 27 states are on the allowed list. Vietnam, China, Morocco, the United Arab Emirates, the Maldives, Cambodia, the CIS countries, except Ukraine, remain open to the security forces. Iran, Moldova, Uganda, Ethiopia and Burkina Faso are also allowed to visit.

• FAXI
• Awards of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation
• Day of the security officer of the Russian Federation
• Post number 1

• Official site
• Information about the FSO on the website Agentura.Ru