The peoples of the Astrakhan region - the totality of ethnic groups living in the territory of the Astrakhan region - one of the most multinational subjects of the Russian Federation . In most rural settlements in this region, the majority are not Russians , but representatives of Turkic , Caucasian and Mongolian peoples. Russians are concentrated in cities, which together account for more than half of the region’s population. A few large villages with a population of more than two thousand people are also populated mainly by Russians.
Most of the peoples of the region are represented not only in the Astrakhan region, and most of their representatives live outside its borders in the respective autonomies within Russia ( Chechnya , Dagestan , Kalmykia ) and national states ( Kazakhstan , Turkmenistan ).
In addition to the peoples described in more detail below, a significant number of gypsies concentrated in the villages of Sovetsky, Svobodny and Yango-Aul in the city limits of Astrakhan also live in the region. In the city itself, there are also Armenian , Azerbaijani , Georgian , Ukrainian diasporas . Separate compact groups of immigrants - representatives of different nations from various regions of Russia and the former USSR are found throughout the region. So, for example, the Latvian minority lives in the village of Zenzeli in the west of the Liman region , and the village of Sasykoli was founded by the Chuvashs .
Content
Peoples dominating in any settlements
In 221 out of 418 rural settlements of the Astrakhan region, any people other than Russians predominate or make up the relative majority [1] . The census identifies eight such peoples [2] , listed in the table below. It should be noted that cities , urban-type settlements and workers' settlements are not taken into account in this table. The largest settlement for a given nation is cited only from among those where the nation constitutes the majority. At the same time, for many ethnic groups there is another locality where there are more of them, but in percentage terms they remain in the minority.
| People | Number (thousand people) | The largest n. P. | Total n. p. [3] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhs | 142.6 | Buyback | 163 |
| Tatars | 70.6 | Starokucherganovka | 20 |
| Chechens | 10.0 | Basinsk | sixteen |
| Nogai | 4.6 | Rastopulovka | 9 |
| Kalmyks | 7.2 | Iki-Siberian | four |
| Dargins | 3.6 | Jurak | four |
| Turkmens | 2.2 | Pound 1 | 3 |
| Kumyks | 1.4 | Gromov | 2 |
Kazakhs
In the region, Kazakhs compactly live in the Krasnoyarsk , Volodarsky and Kamyzyaksky districts, separate Kazakh settlements are also found in other regions of the region. Being the second largest people in the Astrakhan region, Kazakhs have a significant impact on the ethnocultural and linguistic processes in the region. They live in this territory for many centuries, and the area of their resettlement is adjacent to the borders of Kazakhstan , so we can talk about a certain continuum and maintaining unity with the Kazakhs of Kazakhstan and their language, although, of course, there are some minor differences.
Tatars, Nogais, and Small Nations
The third (after the Russians and Kazakhs ) by the number of people in the region according to the census are the Tatars . However, it should be understood that these are not the same Tatars who live in Tatarstan , but the totality of Turkic - speaking peoples, conditionally united under this name at the official level. Most of those whom the census calls Tatars in the Astrakhan region are actually the Astrakhan Tatars — a separate subethnos within the Tatar people, slightly different from the Kazan Tatars and speaking a nogized idiom that has not yet been studied by linguists [4] . In addition to this group, the census also considers the Yurts , Alabugats and some Karagashs [5] to be Tatars — three people who speak languages closer to Nogai than to Tatar . These groups were not recognized as separate nations in Soviet times. Thus, four ethnic groups concentrated in the territory of the Astrakhan region [6] are not noted in the census and the table of the ethnic groups prevailing in the settlements, but also play a role in the ethnocultural picture of the region:
- Astrakhan Tatars ;
- Karagash (Nogai-Karagash, Kundra);
- Utars (Alabugat Tatars, Alabugats);
- Yurt residents (Yurt Tatars, Nogai-Jurt).
Separately, it is worth noting a separate group of Bulgarian Tatars who came to the territory of the Astrakhan region about a century ago and retained much closer ties with the Middle Volga Tatars and Mishars . Unlike other ethnic groups of the Astrakhan region ( Yurtovites , Alabugats and Karagash ), conditionally called Tatars, the Bulgarian Tatars really fully belong to the Tatar people, like the Astrakhan Tatars themselves.
Notes
- ↑ Alekseev F.G., Satanova D.S. Languages of the Astrakhan Region // Small Languages. 2017. No. 4. P. 14.
- ↑ Database “Ethno-linguistic composition of all settlements of Russia” .
- ↑ Map of the peoples of the Astrakhan region Archived on January 18, 2017. on the website of the Linguistics project
- ↑ Alekseev F.G., Satanova D.S. Languages of the Astrakhan Region // Small Languages. 2017. No. 4. P. 16.
- ↑ Ishmukhambetov R.V. On the problem of preserving the ethnic identity of Astrakhan Nogai
- ↑ A significant part of the Alabugats , however, lives in the part of the Lagansky district of the Republic of Kalmykia , adjacent to the border of the Astrakhan region.
Literature
- Alekseev F.G., Satanova D.S. Languages of the Astrakhan region // Small Languages. 2017. No. 4. P. 14-18.
- Victorin V. M., Idrisov E. Sh. Astrakhan Nogai // Republican popular science magazine “Revival. The past, present and future of the peoples of Dagestan. " 2006 No. 9. S. 23-25.
- Idrisov E. Sh., Kazalieva K. N. Ethnocultural reproduction of the Astrakhan Nogais: status and prospects // Current situation and prospects for the development of the Nogai people in the XXI century: Materials of the International scientific and practical conference St. Petersburg November 2 - 4, 2006. St. Petersburg, 2007.S. 92-98.
- Iskhakov D.M. Astrakhan Tatars, ethnic settlement and population dynamics in the 18th - early 20th centuries // Astrakhan Tatars. Kazan, 1992. S. 5–33.
- Ishmukhambetov R. V. On the Problem of Preserving the Ethnic Identity of Astrakhan Nogai (inaccessible link)
- Skrylnikova Zh. Kh. Modern Ethnocultural Processes in the Nogai Karagash Environment of the Astrakhan Region: Author. dis. ... cand. East. Sciences: 07.00.07. M., 2008. 32 p.