Ostankino (telecentre)

Early History (1939–1991)

It was established on March 10, 1939 within the framework of the Ministry of Communications as the Moscow Television Center, the only studio of which, the equipment room and a room with television radio transmitters, were located in the newly constructed building (now Shabolovka St., 37, Building 7) ^[2] . In October 1940, it was transferred to the Committee for Radioification and Broadcasting of the SNK of the USSR . ITC hosted its editorial offices, administrative and managerial staff, including the office of its director, from ITC through the antennas installed on its television tower broadcast the only television program at that time in Moscow.

As part of the USSR Ministry of Communications (1950-1969)

On January 1, 1950, it was again transferred to the Ministry of Communications of the USSR, and the creative part was allocated to the Television Broadcasting Department of the USSR Council of People's Commissars for Radio Information, which was reorganized into the Central Television Studio a year later. In 1957, the second ITC building was built and a second studio was opened. The first programs were broadcast from the ITC hardware-studio complex, and also the Moscow programs in 1956, the Last News was broadcast from the ACK hardware since 1956, Television News from 1960, as well as broadcasting announcers and films were broadcast, from the antennas installed on television tower ITC carried out transmission of television programs by radio waves, here is a software management and thematic edition of the Central television studio (mid 1960s -. programs Directorate and the main theme The editors of the central television), its administrative and managerial staff, including the office of its director and the administrative and managerial staff of ITC.

As a member of the USSR Radio and Television (1960-1991)

On August 12, 1960, the Moscow Television Center was transferred to the USSR State Radio and Television ^[3] , the transmitting television and VHF-FM stations and antenna-feeder devices were left as part of the USSR Ministry of Communications and were reorganized into the Moscow broadcasting television station. In November 1967, the Moscow Television Center was transferred the Hardware-Studio complex built in the same year (architects L.I. Batalov , V.V. Zharov, A.A. Zakaryan, L.S. Soloviev, K.S. Shekhoyan , engineer A. A. Levinshtein ^[4] ) on Academician Korolyov, 12 ^[4] , which became ASK-1, Hardware-studio complex on Shabolovka, 37 (in which by that time there were already 6 hardware-studio units), in which the main editorship of popular science and educational programs and the main editors of programs for children and their studio, became ASC-2, Moscow TV itself The center was renamed the Television Technical Center named after the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution.

In a three-story studio block, television programs and television films were shot and recorded on the air for broadcasting, broadcasting to the State Radio and Television Fund for subsequent re-broadcasting and exchange of recordings with foreign broadcasting organizations through the General Directorate for External Relations of the USSR State Radio and Television. The ten-story editorial block (the construction of the 26-story building of the ASK ^[4] was originally planned) housed the main directorate of the Central Television programs, the thematic main editions of the Central Television, the editorial groups of the studios of the Ekran creative association, and the administrative and administrative staff of the Television Technical Center. From its hardware-software blocks, the recorded in the hardware-studio blocks and field television broadcasts, television films of the Creative Association “Ekran” and other films were broadcasted, as well as live broadcasting of the Vremya information program and news on the 1st program , announcer's inserts for the 1st and 2nd programs ^{[5] [6] [7]} . Mobile television stations of the TTTs broadcast television concerts with the participation of spectators from the concert studio of the TTTs and other concert halls, filming television performances from a television theater, filming performances from other theaters, live broadcasts of various events, including sports events from stadiums.

In 1980, the Olympic Technical Television and Radio Center named ASK-3 ^[8] was transferred to the Television Technical Center named after the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution, which housed the Central Information Office of the Central Television, the main directorate of programs and the thematic main editions of the Central All-Union Radio Broadcasting, and broadcast live on it the Vremya information program and the news, The Latest News, the Mayak news releases, and the socio-political broadcasts of the Central Intra-Union Broadcasting, carried out Camping record of the last, to broadcast the recorded broadcasts in the State House of broadcasting and recording.

As a member of the Ostankino State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company (1991-1995)

After the abolition of the USSR State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company in February 1991, it was transferred to the All-Union State Television and Radio Company, after the abolition of the latter on December 27 the same was transferred to the Ostankino Russian State Television and Radio Company ^[9] , except for ASK-2 which was transferred to the All-Russian State Television and Radio Company.

In the studio block ASK-1, shooting and recording of programs of the Ostankino State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company, the VID Television Company CJSC and the Moscow International Radio and Television Company, and the television films of the Ekran Creative Association for broadcasting or broadcasting to the State Television and Radio Broadcasting were made and recorded. The editorial block of ASK-1 includes the directorate of television programs, the editorial groups of the Ostankino RGTRK studios, the administrative and managerial staff and the editorial groups of the Ekran Creative Association of the Ostankino RTRK, the administrative and managerial staff and the editorial offices of the Moscow Radio and Television and Radio Broadcasting Company. In the hardware and software blocks, recorded television programs were broadcasted by Ostankino RGTRK studios and VID Telecompany CJSC, television films of the Ekran Creative Association and other films on the first and fourth channels ^{[10] of} television broadcasts of the RMTK Moscow and LLP “Channel 2x2” on the third channel, television broadcasts of CJSC “Moscow Independent Broadcasting Corporation” on the sixth channel. Also, in the hardware and software blocks, live broadcasting of the announcer's inserts of the first channel was broadcast, and since 1994 also the information program of NTV Television Company LLP and the Itogi analytical program.

The ASK-3 hardware and software blocks broadcast news and the Vremya program, its annexes Novosti Plus and Sunday on the first channel, and Vesti VGTRK (until 1994) on the second channel. From small speech studios ASK-3, there were live broadcasts of the Novaya Volna and Sobesednik news broadcasts on the Radio-1 radio program, information broadcasts on the Mayak radio program, the broadcasting programs of the Moscow Radio and Television Company Radio and the Moscow Region Radio and Television Station, Private corporation programs such as Vozrozhdenie, M-Radio , CJSC Europa Plus and Resonance. Also, from the small ASK-3 hardware small speech studios, they broadcasted literary, dramatic, musical and children's programs recorded in the studio building of the GDRZ under the broadcasting programs "Radio 1", "Youth" and "Orpheus". In addition, the editorial groups of the Information Television Agency were located in ASK-3, including its office of the director and chief editor, editorial groups of Radio 1 Studio and the Sobesednik creative association.

Independent Enterprise (since 1995)

In April 1995, the directorate of Public Russian Television CJSC was housed in ASK-1, films purchased by this joint-stock company were broadcast on its first television channel from its hardware telekines, television programs shot on its order were broadcast from hardware and software blocks, and since 1996 for years, the Vremya news and program began to go on air from ASK-3 and the editorial board and the office of the director of the Information Programs Directorate of Public Russian Television CJSC of this joint-stock company were located. After the liquidation of the Russian state television and radio company Ostankino on October 12, 1995, he transferred to the direct control of the Federal Service for Television and Radio Broadcasting, editorial staff, recording and broadcasting the radio stations Radio 1, Mayak, Yunost and Orphey moved to the technical building State House of Broadcasting and Sound Recording. In 1997, after the liquidation of the RMTK "Moscow", administrative and managerial staff and editorial offices were placed in ASK-1, programs were recorded, broadcasted, and broadcasted live by TV Center TV Company JSC. In 2008, the Concert Studio of the Television Technical Center was converted into an information complex, where the editors and studio of the Directorate of Information Programs of Channel One OJSC moved.

The main activities of the Ostankino television center are reflected in four technological complexes ^[1] :

• Broadcasting complex - an automated broadcasting complex of the “ First Channel ”, which provides programs in eleven time zones of Russia and the CIS countries . Earlier, the hardware and software blocks of the TV channels Ostankino Channel 1 (in 1991-1995), Channel 4 Ostankino (in 1991-1994), 2x2 (in 1989-1997), and TV 6 ”(in 1993-2002) ^[11] ,“ TVS ”(in 2002-2003),“ Teleexpo ”(in 1995-2003),“ TV Center ”(in 1997-2001) ^[12] ,“ Children's project ” (in 2000-2001), 7TV (in 2001-2009) ^[13] , TNT (in 1998-2004), Muz-TV (1996–2010), Channel Three (1997– 2012), “ The Capital ” (1997–2011), “ VKT ” (1991–2015) ^[14] .
• TV production complex - the complex includes:
  • hardware-studio blocks
  • field equipment
  • video recording and editing tools
  • video dubbing tools
• Telecommunication complex - contains switching hardware of a telecentre, internal lines for transmitting video, sound signals, systems for accessing external communication channels and for distributing television and radio programs.
• Broadcasting complex - provides for the preparation, formation and broadcasting of radio programs.

The 13-story building of the Ostankino television complex is built of glass and concrete. The end of the building, facing the side of the Ostankino pond , differs from all other facades. The volume of the building exceeds 1 million m³. The total height of the building is 55 meters, the usable area is 154,000 m².

In 2005, the gross income of FSUE TTZ Ostankino already amounted to about one billion rubles. In 2008, revenue exceeded 2 billion rubles, in 2012 it reached the level of 3 billion, in 2014 growth was planned to reach 4 billion rubles.

The following are constantly working in the telecentre premises:

• First channel
• First channel. World Wide Web
• NTV
• Match tv
• TV company "VID"
• TV company Ostankino
• TV company "Red Square"
• NTV-Plus
• Carousel
• Russian Public Television
• Spas
• Nostalgia
• TV company "Meteo-TV"
• Broadcasting company "ASS-TV"

and almost 200 broadcasting companies are constantly resorting to the technical facilities of the telecentre.

On the territory of the shopping center "Ostankino" is the International Institute of Cinema, Television and Radio Broadcasting (MIKTR).

• Dmitry Kwok (1967-1970) ^[15]
• Victor Oskolkov (2000-2003) ^[16]
• Mikhail Shubin (since 2006) ^[17]

Telecentre Events October 3, 1993

On October 3, 1993, an armed conflict took place in front of the television center between supporters of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation and units of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation , which killed at least 46 people ^[18] . Among the dead were also foreign journalists (in particular, Rory Peck ). From an unidentified explosion inside the ASK-3, where there were fighters of the Vityaz Ministry of Internal Affairs detachment, one fighter died ( Private Nikolai Sitnikov , Hero of the Russian Federation posthumously). According to the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation, supporters of the Supreme Council were not involved in the deaths of Sitnikov and the video engineer of the Ostankino RSTC Sergey Krasilnikov ^[19] . In October 2016, a memorial plaque was opened in memory of the killed video engineer ^[20] .

2005 Fire

On April 11, 2005, a fire broke out in the Ostankino television center. The signal about a fire on the second floor of the building in the ASK-3 building was received at 18:42 Moscow time. A fire occurred in the cable collector located on the first and second floors. Due to the fire, the Muz-TV , 7TV and several FM radio stations ( Europe Plus ) did not work ^[21] . At the same time, the incident did not affect the work of the central television channels - Channel One , Russia and NTV . These television channels continued broadcasting in the usual mode ^[22] , while on Muz-TV they showed feature films instead of the usual music videos. The studio of the Muz-TV channel suffered from this fire, from which the bulk of the broadcasts that were recorded were coming out ^[23] . The Channel One program, Vremya , aired from the backup studio ASK-3 at 21:00, but the nightly issue of Vremya at 23:30 was aired from a regular studio.

2013 Fire

On July 30, 2013, a decoration on an area of ​​about 150 square meters occurred in the decoration workshop on the ground floor, and open fire and smoke were observed. Initially, the fire was assigned the 4th difficulty level (out of 5 possible), later - it was reduced to the 2nd. In total, its elimination took less than one hour ^{[24] [25]} . Full damage was estimated at 120,000 rubles ^[26] .

As a result of the fire, more than a thousand employees were evacuated from the television center building; no one was injured. It had no effect on the broadcasting of the central television channels ^[27] , with the exception of the NTV Plus Football satellite channel: the commentator on the match of the 3rd qualifying round of the UEFA Champions League Zenit - Norschellann Gennady Orlov was evacuated ^[28] . The broadcast of the meeting ended without comment ^[29] .

• Training center TTTS "Ostankino" ^[30]
• Data center and data center of the shopping center “Ostankino” ^[31]

• Ostankino Tower
• Shabolovsky television center