Krichevsky uprising

Krichevsky headman was located on the border with Russia and was considered the property of the King of the Commonwealth . Prince Jerome Florian Radziwill, who in turn rented it out, was appointed the headman ( "power" ). Tenants were interested in having time to get the maximum profit during their lease term.

For this reason, tenants violated the peasant duties established by the inventories.

For two years, tenants Volkovitsky collected from the peasants more than 100 thousand gildings over inventory. The peasants complained to Radziwill about the high rates of service. The problem in the headman was the deployment of the royal army, which, in the absence of provisions, was engaged in robberies, which sometimes ended in murders. In the 1730s, the headman was rented by the brothers Gdayly and Shmuyly Itskovich, after which the situation of the peasants became very complicated. Tenants extorted an increased rank from the peasants. Often they did not give out receipts for payment and then again demanded money. For using the mill, Itskovichi took not the tenth, but the seventh measure of grain. Krichevtsy sent complaints to Prince Jerome Radziwill . However, the tenants' servants caught messengers on the roads and repaired the massacre. The Voigt of the village of Selishche, Vasily Vashchila, was punished for traveling with complaints. Once Vashchila was beaten and thrown into prison. In another case, he was punished with rods (150 strokes).

Radziwill sent his commissioners to check complaints, but the Itskavichs bribed them or declared their people as commissars.

The following tenant acted in a similar manner - Martian Litavor Khreptovich. Krichevites wrote in their complaints that "Mr. Khreptovich is no better than a Jew-tenant . "

The unrest occurred at the end of 1743 . Armed peasants smashed the estates of wealthy noblemen and moneylenders, destroyed debt books. The uprising was led by Vasily Vashchila and the burgomaster Ivan Korpach. Stes Bochko, Vasily Veter and Naum Buyan were also active participants in the uprising.

On January 15, 1744 , Jerome Florian Radziwill sent a significant number of troops led by Colonel Pyastzhetsky to suppress the uprising. The main rebel forces at that time were in the eastern part of the headquarters beyond the Sozh River .

On January 18, 1744 , the rebels approached Krichev and attacked him. The rebel forces totaled about 2 thousand people. They were joined by the urban poor.

Well-trained and armed forces, supported by castle artillery, forced the rebels to retreat.

More than 100 peasants were killed, 500 injured and 77 captured, who were hanged and put on a stake. Of the prisoners, only three survived: the old man and two burgomaster.

The rebels retreated and set up a new camp near the village of Tserkovische.

The ranks of the rebels began to replenish with people and soon their number reached about 4000 people. The rebels developed a plan for the encirclement and siege of the castle, which they thought would begin on January 26, 1744 .

Having learned about the intentions of the rebels, Pyastzhetsky decided to strike ahead of the curve. Reinforcements arrived from Sebezh and Nevel . He had 400 trained soldiers at his disposal.

On the night before the siege, the rebel camp was unexpectedly attacked by Piastzhetsky. Caught by surprise, the peasants retreated, leaving more than 200 killed and a large number of wounded on the battlefield. 176 people were captured. 60 rebels after the battle were planted on stakes and hung on hooks and gallows.

In early February 1744 , the uprising was finally crushed.

After the final suppression of the uprising in Jericho with an equestrian detachment, Jerome Florian Radziwill arrived in three hundred sabers.

According to a court decision of February 22, 1744 , all the main participants in the uprising who were captured were sentenced to various penalties.

16 people were executed on February 26, 1744 . Ivan Korpach, Stes Bochko, Vasily Veter, Naum Buyan, Nikita from Borovka, Ivan Trus, Vasily Pocheyonok and Vaska Kostin were put on a stake. Ivan Dokuk, Zakhark Semashko, Ivanishka from Boronkov and Nikita from Tupichin were hanged. Semyon Vorona, Ignat Malunyonok, Ivan Krivulya and Ivan Golenka were beheaded.

The secretary of the rebels, the son of Stes Bochko, Prince Jerome ordered to cut off his ears and burn the gallows on his forehead.

Vasily Vashchila fled to Starodub , where he was imprisoned in a fortress and then died of dysentery.

Jerome Florian Radziwill limited himself to individual concessions. Radziwill replaced forced labor on the bucks with a money order, removed some restrictions on rural trade, announced his intention not to lease the headman.

The Krichevsky uprising is dedicated to the tragedy of Vladimir Korotkevich "Mother of the Wind", as well as her film adaptation - the feature film "Mother of the Hurricane" ( Belarusian. Matzi ўraganu ), co-filmed by Belarusian and Czech filmmakers in 1990 .

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• Gistoryya pad signs of Pagonі. Krychaўskay paўstanne