Yuzefovich, Boris Samoilovich

Born in the family of a dentist . Member of the RSDLP (b) since 1917, the Menshevik in 1905-1917. Member of the revolution of 1905-1907 . In 1907 he was exiled to the Pinezhsky district of the Arkhangelsk province, fled, led revolutionary work in St. Petersburg . In 1911 he was exiled to the Mezensky district of the Arkhangelsk province, was released under an amnesty in 1913. He worked as an electrician in Odessa.

After the February Revolution in 1917, a member of the Odessa Council and its executive committee, one of the organizers of the Red Guard in Odessa. At the end of 1917 he headed the intelligence and counterintelligence service in the city. In March-December 1918, one of the leaders of the Bolshevik underground in Odessa, the head of intelligence. He signed a mutual assistance contract with the head of the Odessa criminal mafia Mishka Yaponchik. He was arrested by the interventionists . In April-August 1919, deputy chairman of the Odessa Cheka.

“According to the memoirs of the former commandant of the building of the Cheka, N.L. Measure, practically all the OChK employees who were on duty at night were engaged in executions. For this purpose, the truck’s engine was started, the condemned were stripped naked, the clothes were sorted into male and female, upper and lower, in batches of 10-12 people they were put into the garage, where a commandant platoon (mainly Chinese) shot the unfortunate ” ^[1] .

"The 21st of April. The shooting of 26 Black Hundreds in Odessa ... a roll-call list of the twenty-six shot yesterday was printed, then an article saying that “work” in the Odessa emergency “is getting better”, that “there is a lot of work” ... In the evening, Voloshin again sat with us. Monstrously! He says that he spent the whole day with the head of the emergency department Severny (Yuzefovich), who has a "crystal soul." And he said: crystal "" (Ivan Bunin. Cursed days).

“Our Russian intelligentsia, completely devoid of the instinct of self-preservation, stubbornly did not want to believe that reprisals could also be committed against those who did not commit evil deeds. The proof is the fact that on the night of June 20, 1919, all Odessa lawyers (judges) were arrested on their own apartments and were shot the same night. They say only two survived: Baron Güne von Gunenfeld and my father. All the lawyers, the whole "catch" of this night - they say there were 712 people - were driven into a building on Catherine Square, where this gloomy institution is located - Ode Skye CHK ... "(Euphrosinia Kersnovskaya. How much is a man).

In June 1919, the underground monarchist organization “Russian People’s Union” was discovered and destroyed under the leadership of Dusinsky. Of the 30 arrested, 16 were shot. Modern researchers believe that in the summer of 1919, the Odessa Cheka was executed about two thousand people.

Then, in underground work in Odessa (he led the counterintelligence of the underground party regional committee), its leaders wore pseudonyms for parts of the city - Severny (Boris Yuzefovich), Yuzhny (Iosif Gorenyuk), Zapadny (Semen Keselman), Vostochny (his older brother Arnold Keselman).

In January-February 1920, the chairman of the Odessa Cheka, which he recreated, authorized the arrests of enemies of the Soviet regime and executions.

He fought with banditry. In February 1920, police chief Shakhvorostov said that up to 40 thousand registered bandits were in the city. V.V. Shulgin, who was then living in Odessa, called another figure - about 2 thousand. In Odessa, pistol and gun shooting did not subside at night. Gubrevkom issued an order which, in particular, said: “Everyone who will engage in robberies under the Soviet regime, Gubrevkom will mercilessly shoot. "This order does not apply to actions of the past time - tsarism and Denikinism." The WGC stated that “speculators will be considered both speculators and counter-revolutionaries.” The first blow of the Chekists to the criminal world of Odessa came in the underground currency exchange, the concentration of which was the area in the center of Odessa near the cafe Fanconia and Robin. In addition to prohibited currency transactions, there was a center for ordering and selling a variety of counterfeit money and documents - passes, credentials, certificates. On March 1, 1920, the entire city center was cordoned off a few blocks from Fanconi and Robin, and everyone who was in this square was detained, more than a thousand people, of whom about 50 were shot, the majority were released.

The head of the Tsupchrezkom Committee of Ukraine V. Mantsev, who wrote in his report that in some cities, "where local revolutionary committees exclusively tried to organize a sponge, they came across a connection even of responsible workers with the non-communist environment, and, therefore, their unsuitability for work in the Cheka. This phenomenon was especially pronounced in Odessa, where the hasty retreat of our troops caught many party workers by surprise in the summer of 1919. Some escaping from the white terror They were forced to use the services of the townsfolk and the criminal element, and after the return of the Soviet troops they were “indebted” to these enemies of the Soviet system. Odessa speculators and even bandits made wide use of this weakness of local workers. The work of the OGSCK was continually shy of petitions for individual prisoners. it was to send to Odessa new resolute communists, not connected by any <personal relations> and only then it was possible to direct the work of the Odessa Cheka to the right path " ^[2]

After arriving in Odessa a detachment of Chekists led by S. Redens, sent to replace the decomposed composition of the Cheka, transferred to the Red Army and headed the intelligence department of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and Crimea , and then the intelligence department of the Petrograd Military District of the HE and the South-Western Front . For the misconduct committed, he was removed from his post and dismissed from the army. “his subordinates organized a gang engaged in robberies and murders of individuals who were promised transferring to Romania and Poland for considerable sums. An assistant to Yuzefovich, a certain Aizenshpis, appointed scapegoat, was quickly shot, the rest, including Yuzefovich, were scattered wherever he went” ^[3] .

In 1924 he entered the Military Academy of the Red Army , studied at the labor faculty, did not receive any other education, was soon recalled and sent by the authorized representative of the Flax Center to Berlin . Later he worked in the State Electrotechnical Trust ( GET ), in 1930–1934 - again abroad, in 1934–1937 the director of the Tula Cartridge Plant .

Arrested on January 24, 1937. Shot by the sentence of the All-Union High Command of the USSR on June 17, 1937, ashes at the Donskoy cemetery in Moscow. Rehabilitated posthumously in 1956.

Daughter - Judith Borisovna Severnaya (1915 -?), Was serving a ten-year sentence in Ivdellag from February 12, 1938, working as a point guard at a logging site in the 1st Samsky and 12th Sobyaninsky OLPs (camp "Pristan" camp), and then was enrolled in propaganda team club them. Dzerzhinsky commandant of the 9th OLP in Ivdel, from where freed on January 5, 1947. She lived in Moscow on the street. Grimau. One of the leaders of the Moscow "Memorial".

• Abramov V. Jews in the KGB. Executioners and victims. M., Yauza - Eksmo , 2005.

• Chronos biography
• 93 years ago, on this day, the Odessa Cheka