Jadran Square (Rijeka)

One of Rijeka 's oldest parks was the park in front of the Old Governor's Palace. The palace was built on the site of today's Adriatic Square, and the park directly from the palace overlooked the sea. That is, the park is on the south side of the palace, between the palace and the sea. The palace and park were designed by engineer Anton Gnamb ( Horv. Anton Gnamb ) in 1780, therefore this palace is also called the Governor's Palace of Gnamb. ^[one]

Since 1850, the park was given the name Elizabeth Park, in honor of the bride of the Emperor of Austria, Franz Joseph I, Elizabeth of Bavaria . On April 23, 1854, they got married and the park began to be called the park of Empress Elizabeth. ^[one]

In the second half of the XIX century, the city ​​of Fiume , as Rijeka was called then, developed at a rapid pace. The first organized carriage lines in Rijeka started back in 1874, but used steam locomotives. The beginning of transportation by electric cars (trams) is considered to be from November 7, 1899, when, with the introduction of the electric tram, the cars were used as public transport for passengers. ^[2]

The redemption of land and the organization of construction of the Yadran Palace (Adria) begins in 1894. ^{[3] [4]} The palace is being built on the site of the park of Empress Elizabeth.

The old Governor’s Palace was demolished in 1895 and the park was rebuilt again at the place where this palace used to be and where the Jadran (Adriatic) square is located today. So the new version of the park began exactly at the site of the destroyed building. ^[one]

According to the project of Wilmos Freud, the building of the Adria Palace was designed by the architect of the city of Fiume Francesco Mattiassi ( Hor. Francesco Mattiassi } and built by the architect Giacomo Zammattio ( Italian: Giacomo Zammattio ) (1862-1927). ^[3]

The Palace of Jadran (Adria) was built in 1897 for the head office of the shipping company Adria (Italian: Società Anonima di Navigazione Marittima Adria) between the quay of Fiume harbor (that was the name of Rijeka then) and the park of Empress Elizabeth re-arranged on the site of the demolished in 1895 the Old Governor's Palace. Prior to this, the park of Empress Elizabeth was located on the site where the Yadran Palace was built. Adria, a Hungarian-American company, was founded in 1882. Therefore, this palace is a symbol of the sea influence of Rijeka. Today, the palace is open for tourists. ^[3]

Umberto Gnata ( Croatian Umberto Gnata ) designed in the center of the park a large monument with the anchor of the warship Emanuele Filiberto, which was installed in the center of this park on November 17, 1919 with a speech by D'Annunziev ( Croatian D'Annunzijev ) in front of the assembled people. ^{[1] [5] [6]}

On January 27, 1924, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and the Kingdom of Italy signed the Treaty of Rome , according to which Italy annexed Fiume , while the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes received Sushak . ^{[7] The} park and the square in the same, 1924, were named Queen Helena Square ( chore. Regina Jelena ), in honor of Queen Helena Petrovich Négos ( 1873 - 1952 ), wife of the King of Italy Victor Emmanuel III .

June 29, 1931 in the city of Fiume, three bus lines were introduced that connected the city center with the suburbs. On the lines used buses of Italian production. Soon, buses started running on each route every 20 minutes from morning to evening. The lines passed through Queen Helena Square. ^[eight]

In 1934, the park and the monument were demolished in order to improve the movement of road transport through the square. ^{[1] [6]}

In the place where the Erste bank stands today, in the late 1930s, on the northern side of the square, to demolish the four-story building in which the Ri bank was located, and subsequently planted trees there and turned out to be a square . ^[9]

In 1939, in the western part of Queen Helena Square, they began to build the first Skyscraper in the city of Fiume according to a project made by the most prolific and famous architect Rijeka Umberto Nordio (1891-1971). It was built on the site of two demolished houses, but part of this place was given to increase Queen Elena’s area, which allowed to solve the problem with traffic on the square. ^[eight]

According to some sources, the investor was Marco Arbori, and according to others, Enrico Arbori. Therefore, from the beginning of construction, the skyscraper received the name "Arbori Palace". The developer wanted to build a residential and commercial building with its infrastructure according to American standards and believed that investing in a residential and commercial “tower” would bring him good profit. ^{[8] [10]}

On April 1, 1942, the construction of the skyscraper “Arbori Palace” on Queen Elena Square was completed. ^{[10] [11]}

On May 3, 1945, the city of Fiume (Rijeka) was liberated by units of the Yugoslav People’s Army . The city became part of Yugoslavia and soon the square was renamed Jadran Square, in Italian, the Adriatic Square.

From October 27, 1951, trolleybuses began to be used in Rijeka to transport passengers. Trams were no longer used in the city after June 15, 1952, when there was the last tram flight. ^[12]

Trolleybuses in the city of Rijeka were used on August 16, 1969. ^[12]

In 1999, in Croatia, together with Steiermärkische Bank und Sparkassen AG, Erste Group successively acquired a controlling interest (87%) of three small Croatian banks Bjelovarska banka, Trgovacka banka and Cakovecka banka, combining them at Erste & Steiermärkische bank. In 2002, Erste Group also acquired 85% of the shares in Riječka banka. Its merger with the existing operating environment has created bank number three in the Croatian market with 800,000 customers and a market share of retail deposits of almost 13%. This is how Erste Bank appeared in Rijeka, the building of which was built in the first half of the 2000s on the north side of Jadran Square, where there was a square and the Bank of Ri building used to be. ^{[13] [9] [14]}

Seven streets go to Jadran square or originate from it. In different historical eras, they bore the corresponding names, therefore, their names are listed below as of 2010 and briefly about their history:

• Pedestrian street Korzo.
• Adamicheva street. During the time of Socialist Yugoslavia, it was, in 1955, for sure, was called Koncharev Street.
• Splitskaya street.
• Zadarskaya street.
• Street Trpimirova.
• Ziotta street.
• Erasmus Barcic Street. On a 1900 map, it was called Ziott Street. Apparently, during the time of socialist Yugoslavia, the name was changed to Erasmus Brančić Street, and during the time of the separation of Croatia they gave the name Ziotta Street to the neighboring street (see above). A well-known lawyer, a Russian patriot and a permanent Croatian league leader in Rijeka, Erasmus Barcic died on April 6, 1913, at the age of 83, (born in Rijeka on June 9, 1830). ^[15] It is likely that the street was renamed in his honor after his death in 1913 or later. During the time of the separation of Croatia, the neighboring street was named Ziotta Street (see above), in honor of one of the governors of Rijeka Giovanni di Ziotta , as he was known as the most productive governor of Rijeka.

• Adria Palace in Rijeka
• Skyscraper Rijeka

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