Goats (Goat with Goats) - asterism , an outdated constellation corresponding to a part of the traditional figure of the constellation - a goat with goats held by the Charioteer . Asterism includes the main star of the constellation Capella (α of the Auriga) and three small stars nearby - ε (Al Anz), ζ and η. In ancient times, asterism was often considered a separate constellation of Goat, but then it merged with the constellation Charioteer.
Mythology
In the constellation they saw the divine goat Amalfei ( Capella ) and / or the goats Egu and Heliku, who fed the newborn Zeus. Although they are goats in the constellation, in different versions of the myth they are both nymphs and royal daughters. The constellation Ursa Major was called Gelika, and Capricorn was called Amalfei. An alternative story about Egu is as follows. She in this story was just a nymph and the wife of Pan (generally speaking, associated with a goat). Zeus seduced Aega, and she gave birth to a boy Egipan, attributing paternity to Pan. Zeus placed her image among the stars in the form of a goat.
History
According to scientific and historical legends, the constellation was proposed by Cleostratus of Tenedos . It is difficult to say which one: the Kids, or the Charioteer , or combined them into one, or expanded the Kids to the Charioteer? There is nothing definite to say here - there is not enough information. The later constellation merged with the charioteer, but at the turn of the era, Roman poets mention it. (The Latin sound of the constellation Geda is left in the translations.) There was a version that the name comes from Ἄιξ or Ἀιγίς, which means a gale: de, the heliacal sunrise of Capella foreshadowed such weather. The kids, as Arat writes, are "hostile stars for mariners ":
Rising high in the sky, more than once they saw Kids
A ship caught in a storm, sailors filled with fear,
And drowned bodies, carried away by the waves of the sea.
Latin authors also used Greek translations for the constellation: Custos caprarum, Habens capellas, Habens haedos, Habens hircum. All this - "goats", "goats", "goats" and other small cattle. From the Arabs, borrowed from the Greeks along with the classical constellations and Kids, they, together with Capella, were called: Alhaior, Alhaiot, Althaiot, Alhaiset, Alhatod, Alhajot, Alhajoth, Alhojet, Alanac, Alanat, Alioc - and this is not a complete list. The names come from Al ʽAnz and Al ʽAyyūḳ - a desert ram (or maybe just a "star" in early Arabic). In images on star atlases of New time, the Charioteer holds a goat or a goat with kids on his hands or on his back; their position corresponds to the location of the lost ancient constellation. Mentioned by Flammarion as in the list of constellations of 1872. Currently, the constellation Goats does not exist.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Auriga_IAU.svg?uselang=en (Asterism is located on SKL 40 - 45 gr. and PR.VOSH. 5h00min - 5h15min).