Korsh, Fedor Evgenievich

Fedor Korsh was born in the family of translator and journalist Evgeny Fedorovich Korsh .

He received his initial education at the Zimmermann boarding school at the Evangelical Reformed Church in Moscow (1854-1860). Before entering Moscow University in 1860, he converted to Orthodoxy. In 1864 he graduated with a candidate ’s degree from the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University , receiving a scholarship from T. N. Granovsky . He was left at the department of Roman literature to prepare for a professorship. At the same time he taught Latin at the Zimmermann guesthouse and French at the Alexander Military School . Since September 1866, he began to teach Greek at Moscow University.

In 1868 he defended his master's thesis "On the Saturnian verse" (in Latin), was elected a privat-docent and went on a business trip for two years; He attended lectures at the universities of Berlin , Vienna and Rome . Since 1870 he was a teacher of Greek, and since 1872 - Roman literature.

In 1877 he defended his doctoral dissertation "Methods of relative subordination. A chapter from comparative syntax ”and was approved by the extraordinary professor of Moscow University in the department of Roman literature, where he taught intermittently until 1905 , since 1883 - as an ordinary professor . In 1890, I.I. Lunyak took his place in the department of Roman literature and Korsh moved to the same department at Novorossiysk University ; in 1892, Korsh returned to the Moscow department, and Lunyak moved to Novorossiysk University.

Since 1892, he also taught Persian philology at the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages . In 1895 he became a corresponding member, and since 1900 - an academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences .

He was chairman of the Eastern Commission of the Moscow Archaeographic Society (since 1888 ), the Dialectological Commission of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (since 1909 ), the Commission for the editors of the Ukrainian translation of the Gospel (since 1905), the Society of Slavic Culture (since 1908 ), the Commission for the publication of Pushkin’s writings at Department of the Russian language and literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Fedor Korsch was a member of the Copenhagen Philological Society, a full member of the NLO in Lviv , the Finnish-Finnish Society ( Finland ), an honorary member of five Russian and many foreign universities.

Korsch knew many European and Eastern languages. Scientific works - in classical philology , comparative Indo-European linguistics, Slavic studies, oriental studies, history of literature, etc. He possessed an outstanding erudition not only in his specialty, but also in the history of European literature and linguistics of Indo-European and Asian dialects. Wrote: “Ways of relative subordination. A chapter from comparative syntax ”(M., 1877),“ On the Saturnian verse ”and a number of reviews in“ Critical Review ”. He was engaged in research of ancient, ancient Indian, Slavic, Turkic rhythm and versification. Korsch is the author of the idea of syntactic typology , that is, the study of the same syntactic constructions in related and non-related languages.

In historical and literary works, he analyzed the texts of classical authors ( Hesiod , Sophocles , Euripides , Horace , Ovid , Plavt , Cicero ^[1] and others), as well as “Words on Igor’s Regiment” , works of Alexander Pushkin , Nikolai Gogol , Taras Shevchenko . Korsch owns many translations of Slavic authors, in particular Franz Preshern . In 1889, his translation of the Wreath of Sonnets by Prešern was published in Russian Thought , becoming the first wreath of sonnets in Russian. ^[2]

Fyodor Korsh paid attention to the “Ukrainian issue”. He studied the Little Russian dialect and showed interest in the development of the Ukrainian language , talked with famous figures of the Ukrainian movement. So, under his supervision, a Ukrainian translation of the Gospel was created, which was severely criticized both by church leaders and philologists, including those who hold Ukrainophile views, such as P.I. Zhitetsky . ^[3] In 1905, Korsh participated in the academic commission to consider the issue of Little Russian word. The commission should have included seven more academics, but four of them - zoologist V.V. Zalensky , archaeologist A.S. Lappo-Danilevsky , orientalist S.F. Oldenburg and botanist A.S. Famintsyn have withdrawn from participation as non-specialists according to Slavic philology, and philologist F.F. Fortunatov did not show interest in this venture. As a result, the commission was represented only by F. E. Korsh and A. A. Shakhmatov , who invited a group of Ukrainian-Ukrainian scientists — A. I. Lototsky, P. Ya. Stebnitsky, M. A. Slavinsky and others, to collaborate. They compiled a note “On the abolition of the embarrassment of the Little Russian printed word”, which was subsequently published as manuscript with the permission of the Academy of Sciences. This note was not approved by the scientific community - none of the dozens of authoritative philologists of the Academy put their signature on the note, and the nationalist and member of the Union of Russian People, Academician A. I. Sobolevsky, made a sharp protest. ^[3] But at the same time, Fedor Korsh himself was not a supporter of the theory of the final separation of the Little Russian dialect from the Russian language. He saw in the attempts to radically solve linguistic problems a political motive:

What is a Little English speech: a language or an adverb? Even Little Russian linguists themselves respond differently to this. So, Pav. Ign. Zhitetskiy in the title of his books calls the speech of the Little Russians an adverb, others, on the contrary, the language. Galitsky Ukrainophile Ogonovsky uses the expression “ruthenische Sprache” and thus seeks to emphasize that Little Russian speech is a separate language. Polish and German politics had an effect here, since it was beneficial for Germans and Poles to instill in Little Russians the idea that the latter were not Russian. Dukhinsky’s theory of not Slavic (but Ural-Altai ) origin of Russians is known. ^[four]

For some time he was a permanent employee in the journal Philological Review , which was published in the city of Moscow . He participated in the publication of one of the first Russian publications synthesizing knowledge of Ukrainian studies - “The Ukrainian people in its past and present ” (1914-1916).

• About Russian folk versification. Vol. 1: Bylins // Bulletin of the Department of the Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. - 1896.T. I, Prince. 1. - S. 1-45; 1897. T. II, Prince. 2. - S. 429-504 [The same. SPb., 1901. [2], 121 s (Collection of the Department of the Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences; T. LXVII, No. 8)].
• Analysis of the question of the end of Pushkin's “Mermaid” by D.P. Zuev // Journal of the Russian Language and Literature Department of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. - 1898.T. III, Prince. 3. - S. 634-785; 1899.V. IV, Prince. 1. - S. 1-100; Prince 2. - S. 476-588.
• Roman elegy and romanticism // Speech and report read in a solemn meeting of the Imperial Moscow University on January 12, 1899. - [M .: Univ. typ., 1899]. - S. 1-112 (1st pag.).
• Poems by Franz Preshiren / From Slovensk. and dumb. scripts per. F. Korsch. - M .: G. Lissner and A. Geshel, 1901 .-- C. 224 p.
• Introduction to the science of Slavic versification // Articles on Slavic studies . - SPb., 1906. - Vol. II. - S. 300—378.
• Persian lyrics of the 10th-15th centuries / Persian. lang per. Acad. F. Korsch, after his death, thinning. and entry. Art. provided prof. A. Crimean. - M.: M. and S. Sabashnikovs, 1916 .-- XXXIX, 126 s: 1 p. silt (Monuments world. Lit.).

In 1964, Moscow University purchased books from his personal library from his daughter F.E. Korsh, a total of 413 volumes, including works by Korsh himself and other scholars, philologists, and a collection of imprints autographed by famous scientists. Currently, the professor’s library is kept in the Department of Rare Books and Manuscripts of the Scientific Library of Moscow State University named after MV Lomonosov ^[5] , a brief description of the library ^{[6] has been} compiled.

• Volkov V.A., Kulikova M.V., Loginov V.S. Moscow professors of the 18th - early 20th centuries. Humanities and social sciences. - M .: Janus-K; Moscow Textbooks and Cartolithography, 2006. - S. 135-136. - 300 s. - 2,000 copies. - ISBN 5-8037-0164-5.
• Kolesov V.V. Korsh Fedor Evgenievich // Encyclopedia “Words on Igor's Regiment” T. 3. K — O. - St. Petersburg: Dmitry Bulanin, 1995 .-- S. 82-85.
• Korsh, Fedor Evgenievich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Dmitriev N.K. Fedor Evgenievich Korsh. - M .: Publishing house Mosk. University, 1962.
• Bogdanov A.I. Fedor Evgenievich Korsh / Academy of Sciences of the TSSR; Ed. Z. B. Mukhamedova. - Ashgabat: Ylym, 1982.

• Biography on the site "Poetry of Moscow University."
• Biography on the site "Tier".
• Biography on the site "Literacy.ru".
• Comic verses by F. E. Korsh // Russian Archive: History of the Fatherland in the evidence and documents of the XVIII — XX centuries: Almanac. - M., 1992.T. II — III.
• Foundation on the website of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• Στἐφανος (Latin and Greek poems by Korsh, translations of Russian classical lyrics and other poems into Latin and Greek)
• Korsh Fedor Evgenievich (neopr.) . Chronicle of Moscow University . Date of treatment March 22, 2017.

• Bibliography of the works of F. E. Korsh [and literature about it] // Dmitriev N.K. Fedor Evgenievich Korsh. - M., 1962. - S. 35-56.
• Shakhmatov A.A. Fedor Evgenievich Korsh: Obituary // Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. VI series. - 1915.V. IX, No. 5. - S. 389-391.
• Dmitriev N.K. Fedor Evgenievich Korsh. - M.: Publishing House Mosk. University, 1962. - 56 s, 1 l. Portr. (ser. "Wonderful scientists of Moscow University" - 33).
• Bogdanov A.I. Fedor Evgenievich Korsh / Academy of Sciences of the TSSR; Ed. Z. B. Mukhamedova. - Ashgabat: Ylym, 1982. - 126 s; 10 l silt
• Baskakov N. A. Academician F. E. Korsh in letters from contemporaries: To the history of Russian philological science. - M .: Nauka, 1989 .-- 277 p.

Archives

• Archive of the Academy of Sciences. St. Petersburg branch. - F. 558; F. 134 (229 letters to A. A. Shakhmatov).
• Russian National Library. - F. 465.